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25
84
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Clip of Michael Linquata describing the event to unveil Suffolk's new mascot in 1950
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A more modern version of Suffolk University's Ram mascot
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6b0835f3fe1ff1914332d7bd5e6ea09b
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Text
Suffolk University Class Profiles: a research guide
Moakley Archive and Institute
www.suffolk.edu/moakley
archives@suffolk.edu
Introduction
In 2006, the Moakley Archive completed a research project to find out more about
Suffolk University Law School’s earliest graduates. This guide includes information
about the classes and biographical information about a selection of graduates discovered
using sources such as Suffolk University records, U.S. Census records, and other sources
such as local newspapers. The classes covered were limited to 1909-1915 because there
weren’t adequate records for the earliest classes of 1906-1908.
Research Guide Sections
1. Early Law School Student Profiles
• Roland Edward Brown, 1909
• George Louis Bush, 1909
• Carl Collar, 1909
• George Arthur Douglas, 1909
• James Francis O’Brien, 1909
• Lewis Austin Adams, 1910
• James T. Bergen, 1910
• Ernest Palmer Bradstreet, 1910
• Emanuel Cohen, 1910
• Ole Martin Dahl, 1910
• Robert Timothy Healey, 1910
• Bernard Joseph Killion, 1910
• Charles Francis Murphy, 1910
• Harry H. Nayor Suffolk Law School 1910
• Edwin LeRoy Weiscopf, 1910
• Thaddeus Alexander Kitchener, 1913
• Louis E. Pasco, 1914
• Harry Ernest Burroughs, 1915
• Thomas Vreeland Jones, 1915
• Shichiro Hayashi, 1922
• Thomas Joseph Lane, 1925
• Joseph David Paté Sr., 1927
• Harry Hom Dow, 1929
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2. Early Law School Class Profiles (1909-1915)
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Early Law School Student Profiles
Roland Edward Brown, Suffolk Law School 1909
Roland Edward Brown was born August 26, 1880. 1 His mother, Margaret (b.
1857), was born in Canada, and his father, whose name is unknown, was born in
Massachusetts. 2 The 1900 census indicates that at that time, 19-year-old Roland was
living at 178 Columbia Street, Cambridge, Mass., with his 15-year-old brother, Chester
(b. 1884), his mother, and his stepfather, William Hamilton (b. 1869 in Canada), who was
a carpenter. 3 Margaret and William had been married for one year at that point. 4 The
census also indicates that Margaret had given birth to two other children in addition to
Roland and Chester, only one of whom was still living. 5 Also residing with the family
were two boarders. 6
In 1900, Roland E. Brown was serving as an apprentice in the chemical industry. 7
In 1901, he married a woman named Ethel Blanche. 8 His son, Alphonso, and daughter,
Margaret, were born less than two years apart around 1902 to 1904. 9 In December of
1906, he began the winter term at Suffolk Law School, enrolling in Torts and Criminal
Law classes. 10 In June of 1908, Gleason Archer gave him “the certificate of two years’
study” that enabled him to take the bar examination, even though he was only in his
junior year. 11 Archer indicates that Brown was “a machinist by trade,” but nonetheless in
June, 1908, became Suffolk Law School’s first student to pass the bar exam. 12 He
graduated in 1909 as one of five students in the first Suffolk Law School class. 13
Roland E. Brown’s employment history is somewhat ambiguous. He was an
apprentice in the chemical industry, and Gleason Archer writes that he was a machinist,
but the 1913 Cambridge Directory lists him as a lawyer. 14 Archer also writes in 1919
that while he did become a lawyer, Brown chose not to enter into active law practice in
1
World War I Draft Registration Card 2672/3151, September 12, 1918.
United States Census 1900, Massachusetts, Middlesex, Cambridge, Enumeration District 691, Sheet 18.
3
U.S Census 1900,Ibid.
4
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
5
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
6
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid.
7
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
8
Roland Edward Brown Marriage Record, 1901, from Massachusetts Vital Records 1841-1910 Database,
accessed via the New England Historical Genealogical Society, http://www.newenglandancestors.org;
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Middlesex, Cambridge, Enumeration District 55, Sheet 11B;
United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Middlesex, Cambridge, Enumeration District 9-34, Sheet 1B.
Note: Brown’s wife is listed in the 1920 census as Ethel B. Brown and in the 1930 census as E. Blanche
Brown.
9
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
10
Archer, Gleason L. Building a School, Boston: Gleason L. Archer, 1919, p.51.
11
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p.86. Note: For students entering prior to 1913, the Suffolk Law School
program consisted of three years of study, so a student’s junior year was his second or middle year.
12
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p.86.
13
Suffolk Law School Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
14
Cambridge Directory, 1913, p. 354.
2
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favor of working for the Barbour Stockwell Company of Cambridge. 15 Brown’s
profession in the 1920 census is unclear, but the place of employment appears to be
Stockwell Co. 16 Both the 1923 Cambridge Directory and the 1923 Boston Register and
Business Directory list him as a lawyer, and the 1930 census lists his place of
employment as a court. 17 While the time frames are unclear, it is evident that Brown
was in fact a lawyer and did in fact work for the Stockwell Company at some point in his
life. Beginning in at least 1913 until at least 1930, Brown lived at 10 Centre Street in
Cambridge, and in 1923 his law office was located at 40 Court Street in Boston. 18
________________________________________________________________________
George Louis Bush, Suffolk Law School 1909
Very little is known about George Louis Bush. He enrolled at Suffolk Law
School during the second week of classes in the fall of 1906 and graduated in 1909 as one
of five in the school’s first graduating class. 19 In his “Sketches from Life” for a 1919
Suffolk Law School pamphlet, Gleason Archer indicates that George L. Bush at some
point relocated from the Boston area to Wisconsin to practice law. 20 George L. Bush is
listed in both the 1928 and 1936 Suffolk Law Alumni Directories, but neither directory
lists an address for him. 21
________________________________________________________________________
Carl Collar, Suffolk Law School 1909
Carl Collar was born on June 4, 1885, to William (b. 1865) and Alice Collar (b.
22
1862). He was the oldest of three children in a family of two boys and one girl. 23 By
1900, the family lived on Crescent Avenue, Revere, Massachusetts. 24 The household
also included a nephew (b. 1878) and a niece (b. 1883). 25 All members of the family,
including the niece and nephew, were born in Maine. 26 In 1900, 14-year-old Carl Collar
15
Archer, Gleason L., “Sketches from Life” in Suffolk University Historical Pamphlet Series #1, 1919,
reprinted 1978 by Suffolk University Law School, p. 11.
16
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
17
Cambridge Directory, 1923, p. 345; The Boston Register and Business Directory: 1923, Vol. 87. Boston:
Sampson and Murdock Company, 1923, p. 682; U.S Census 1930, Ibid.
18
Cambridge Directory, 1913, p.354; U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.; U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.; The Boston
Register and Business Directory: 1923, Ibid, p.682.
19
Archer, Gleason L. Building a School. Boston: Gleason L. Archer, 1919, p. 50; Suffolk Law Alumni
Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
20
Archer, Gleason L. “Sketches from Life” in Suffolk University Historical Pamphlet Series #1, 1919,
reprinted 1978 by Suffolk University Law School, p. 11.
21
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 1928, p. 172; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.
15.
22
World War I Draft Registration Card 316/A1686, September 12, 1918; United States Census 1900,
Massachusetts, Suffolk, Revere, Sheet 17A.
23
U.S census 1900, Ibid.
24
U.S census 1900, Ibid.
25
U.S census 1900, Ibid.
26
U.S census 1900, Ibid.
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was attending school while his father was employed as a carpenter and his mother was
not employed. 27
In 1904, Carl Collar’s second cousin, Gleason L. Archer, tried to convince him to
attend the Boston University College of Liberal Arts, but Collar instead began working at
a Boston steamship company whose office was located on State Street. 28 In 1906, at age
21, Collar began studying law under Gleason Archer. 29 In January on 1909, Collar, then
a senior at the Suffolk School of Law, became the second of Archer’s students to pass the
Massachusetts Bar Examination. 30 He graduated in 1909 as one of five in Suffolk School
of Law’s first graduating class. 31
By 1918, Carl Collar was living in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, with his wife, Mary
(b. 1889 or 1890), and his young son, Carl, Jr. (b. 1917). 32 The Collars evidently spent
some time in California, as Carl, Jr. was born there. 33 He was employed as a clerk by the
International Mercantile Marine Company located on Broadway in New York City. 34 By
1919, he was an accountant for the White State Line, a subsidiary of the International
Mercantile Marine Company. 35 By 1920, he and his wife and son were living in
Rutherford, New Jersey, where they lived until at least 1930. 36 He was at that time
working as a bookkeeper for a shipping company, presumably the White Star Line, where
he continued to work until at least 1928. 37 He probably continued to work there until at
least 1930, when the census lists his occupation as accountant in the shipping industry, or
possibly until at least 1936, when his business address was 1 Broadway, New York City,
a probable location of the White Star Line Office. 38
________________________________________________________________________
George Arthur Douglas, Suffolk Law School 1909
George Arthur Douglas was born in 1884 in Massachusetts. 39 His mother, Susan,
moved to the United States from Ireland in 1865. 40 His father (name unknown) was also
born in Ireland. 41 George was one of seven children, but by 1910 only he and two of his
siblings were living. 42
27
U.S census 1900, Ibid.
Archer, Gleason L., Building a School, Boston: Gleason L. Archer, 1919, pp. 17, 19.
29
Archer, Gleason L., Building a School, Ibid., p. 21.
30
Archer, Gleason L., Building a School, Ibid., p. 101.
31
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936., p. 15.
32
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.; United States Census 1920, New Jersey, Bergen, Rutherford
Borough, Enumeration District 107, Sheet 10A.
33
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
34
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.
35
Archer, Gleason L., “Sketches from Life” in Suffolk University Historical Pamphlet Series #1, 1919,
reprinted 1978 by Suffolk University Law School, p. 11.
36
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid., United States Census 1930, New Jersey, Bergen Rutherford Borough,
Enumeration District 2-218, Sheet 1A.
37
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 1928, p. 173.
38
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid., Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
39
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1561, Sheet 16B.
40
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
41
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
42
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
28
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In 1906, George A. Douglas enrolled at Suffolk Law School, graduating in 1909
as one of five in the school’s first graduating class. 43 By 1910, 26-year-old George was
living at 14 Grant Street, Boston, Mass., with his 70-year-old widowed mother and 72year-old aunt, Mary J. Douglas. 44 He was employed as a lawyer in his own law
practice. 45 Also in 1910, he began teaching at Suffolk Law School and continued to do
so until 1934. 46 Around 1918, he married a 21-year-old woman named Norma who was
born in Massachusetts but whose mother and father were born in England and Germany,
respectively. 47 He still had his own law practice, which by at least 1923 was located at 6
Beacon Street, Room 216, Boston, Mass. 48 He and Norma lived at 1754 Col[onial?]
Road in Boston, as did Norma’s brother, Herman Hemmem, a druggist who at that time
was unemployed. 49
Around 1921, George A. Douglas’ daughter, Audrey, was born, and around 1924,
his son, George, was born. 50 By 1930, the Douglas family was living at 86 Blue Hill
Parkway in Milton, Mass. 51 Also residing with them was their 22-year-old servant, a
man whose last name was Jones and who had come to the United States from Ireland in
1927. 52 By 1936, George A. Douglas still had his own law office at 6 Beacon Street in
Boston. 53
James Francis O’Brien, Suffolk Law School 1909
James Francis O’Brien was born on January 5, 1878, in Fall River, Mass. 54 His
parents, Edward and Mary (Doyle) O’Brien, were born in Ireland and came to the United
States as children. 55 His father was employed as an overseer in the textile mills of Fall
43
Archer, Gleason L. Building a School. Boston: Gleason L. Archer, 1919, p.50; Suffolk Law Alumni
Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
44
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
45
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
46
Faculty Spreadsheet compiled by Kristen Bourque, Project Assistant for Suffolk University Law School
Dean’s Office.
47
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 287, Sheet 10; United
States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Norfolk, Milton, Enumeration District 11-62, Sheet 4A.
48
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.; The Boston Register and Business Directory: 1923, Vol. 87. Boston: Sampson
& Murdock Company, 1923, p.684.
49
U.S Census 1920, Ibid. Note: The street name on the 1920 census appears to be Col Road, but that could
be a shortened version of Colonial Road or Columbia Road.
50
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
51
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
52
U.S Census 1930, Ibid.
53
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
54
Hutt, Frank Walcott, ed., “James F. O’Brien,” A History of Bristol County Massachusetts, Historical and
Biographical Volume III. New York and Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, Inc., 1924,
p.313.
55
Hutt, Frank Walcott, Ibid.
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River. 56 He had at least two sisters and two brothers. 57 He attended both the Fall River
public schools and the parish school of Sacred Heart Church in Fall River. 58
In 1895, at the age of 17, James F. O’Brien enlisted in the Navy, serving during
the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection. 59 When he was honorably
discharged from the Navy, he enrolled at Rogers and Allen Business College. 60 Prior to
enrolling at Suffolk Law School in 1906, Gleason Archer writes that O’Brien had tried to
enroll at several other law schools, but was turned away. 61 Archer decided to give him a
chance, and although O’Brien was almost forced to drop out, he ultimately graduated in
1909 as one of five members of the school’s first graduating class. 62 He was able to
finance his education by working at Suffolk Law School as a janitor, in Gleason Archer’s
office and at a restaurant. 63 After passing the bar in 1911, he opened law offices in Fall
River and New Bedford, Mass. 64
In April of 1917, James F. O’Brien voluntarily enlisted in the Navy upon the
United States’ entry into World War I. 65 He served in a variety of posts, including
gunnery instructor, battalion commander and lieutenant, before being honorably
discharged in September of 1919. 66 In 1922, he ran unsuccessfully as a Democratic
candidate for Bristol County district attorney. 67 He served as judge advocate of the
Spanish American War Veterans and was a member of many other veterans and fraternal
organizations, including the United Spanish War Veterans, American Legion and the
Fraternal Order of Eagles. 68
On July 7, 1923, James F. O’Brien suffered a stroke from which he never fully
recovered. 69 He died in 1925 at the age of 47, survived by his wife, Elizabeth V.
O’Brien, four daughters and two sons, as well as two sisters, two brothers, and his
mother. 70
________________________________________________________________________
Lewis Austin Adams, Suffolk Law School 1910
56
Hutt, Frank Walcott, Ibid.
Obituary, Fall River Globe, date unknown, 1925.
58
Hutt, Frank Walcott, Ibid; Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
59
Hutt,, Frank Walcott, Ibid; Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
60
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
61
Archer, Gleason L., “Sketches from Life” in Suffolk University Historical Pamphlet Series #1, 1919,
reprinted 1978 by Suffolk University Law School, p.10.
62
Archer, Gleason L, Ibid; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
63
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid.
64
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
65
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
66
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
67
Hutt, Frank Walcott, Ibid., Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
68
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
69
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
70
Obituary, Fall River Globe, Ibid.
57
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Lewis Austin Adams was born on November 12, 1886, in Booth Bay Harbor,
Maine to Frank and Elizabeth Adams, both also of Maine. 71 He was the oldest of five
children in a family of two sons and three daughters, although at some point prior to 1900
his mother had given birth to a child that by that year was no longer living. 72 By 1900,
the family had moved from Maine to Boston, Mass., where his father was employed as a
motorman. 73 They lived at 90 Whitfield Street. 74 At this time, 13-year-old Lewis was
attending school. 75
Around 1907, Lewis A. Adams enrolled at Suffolk Law School, graduating in
1910 as one of ten in the school’s second graduating class. 76 At this time, he was still
living with his parents and four siblings, although by 1910 the family had moved to 16
Westville Street in Boston. 77 In April of 1910 he was working as a glassworker in a shop,
but by 1917 he had his own law practice at an office on Tremont Street in Boston. 78 Also
by 1917 he had moved to 306 Washington Street in Boston, presumably with his parents
and siblings since the entire family, except his sister, Florence, was living at that address
in 1920. 79 According to his draft registration card, Lewis A. Adams was not able to join
the Armed Forces during World War I because his left leg was disabled and he was nearsighted. 80
By 1920, 33-year-old Lewis A. Adams was still single and living with his parents
and four of his siblings at 306 Washington Street, and still had his own law practice. 81
________________________________________________________________________
James T. Bergen, Suffolk Law School 1910
71
World War I Draft Registration Card 1241/70, June 5, 1917; United States Census 1900, Massachusetts,
Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1466, Sheet 3. Note: In the 1900 census, Lewis Adams’ mother
name is unclear, but does not appear to be Elizabeth, although the 1910 and 1920 censuses both list her
name as Elizabeth. Also, the 1900 census spells Lewis’ name as Louis, but the later censuses spell it as
Lewis.
72
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1568, Sheet 8A; U.S
Census 1900, Ibid.
73
U.S Census 1900, Ibid. Note: It is possible that the family moved to Massachusetts around 1899, since
the 1910 census lists all of the children, ranging in age from 23 to 13, as being born in Maine, except 11year-old Bernice, who is listed as being born in Massachusetts. The 1900 census, however, lists daughter
Ella (Eleanor in the 1910 and 1920 censuses, b. 1888), as being born in Massachusetts, and the 1920 census
lists daughter Bernice as being born in Maine.
74
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid.
75
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid.
76
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
77
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
78
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.; WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.
79
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.; United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston,
Enumeration District D422, Sheet 16B.
80
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.
81
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
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James T. Bergen was born around 1884 in Massachusetts to Canadian parents. 82
His mother, Honora Bergen, was widowed by 1910. 83 By 1910, 26-year-old James was
living at 97 [Lauriat] Avenue, Boston, Mass., serving as head of a household that
included his 60-year-old mother, his 28-year-old brother, Joseph, and his 23-year-old
sister, Margaret. 84 His mother had given birth to seven children, but in 1910 only four of
them were living. 85 By April of 1910, James was employed as a letter carrier for the
United States Mail Service. 86
Later in 1910, presumably after three years of study, James T. Bergen graduated
from Suffolk Law School as one of ten in the school’s second graduating class. 87 By
1920, he had moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he lived in an apartment at 27 Palmer
Avenue West and was employed as a lawyer. 88 By this time 38-year-old James had been
married for about two years, but his wife did not live with him. 89 A man named William
J. Topley, who was evidently James’ business partner, did live with him. 90
By 1930, James T. Bergen was still employed as a lawyer in Detroit and had
bought a house at 10427 American Avenue. 91 At this time, his wife, Mildred, was living
with him, as was his 39-year-old sister-in-law, Esperance Lee, and his and Mildred’s
adopted daughter, Mary, who turned two in the summer of 1930. 92 By 1936, his law
practice was located at 709 Hammond Building in Detroit. 93
________________________________________________________________________
Ernest Palmer Bradstreet Suffolk Law School 1910
Ernest Palmer Bradstreet was born in 1882 in Massachusetts. 94 His parents were
also born in Massachusetts. 95 Around 1907, at age 25, he enrolled at Suffolk Law
School. 96 Around 1908, he married a woman named Clara, who was about 23 years old
at the time. 97 One year later, his son, Ernest R. Bradstreet, was born. 98
82
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1638, Sheet 9B.
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
84
U.S Census 1910, Ibid. Note: The street name on the 1910 census is unclear, but appears to be Lauriat
Avenue. Currently no street was found in Boston with that name
85
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
86
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
87
Suffolk Law School Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
88
United States Census 1920, Michigan, Wayne, Detroit, Enumeration District 81, Sheet 8A.
89
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.; United States Census 1930, Michigan, Wayne, Detroit, Enumeration District 82531, Sheet 5B.
90
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
91
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
92
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
93
Suffolk Law School Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
94
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Essex, Danvers, Enumeration District 119, Sheet 7A.
95
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
96
Suffolk Law School Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15. Note: Ernest Bradstreet most likely
enrolled in 1907 because at that time the SLS program of studies took 3 years to complete, and he
graduated in 1910.
97
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
98
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
83
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By April of 1910, Ernest P. Bradstreet and his family were renting part of a house
at 60 North Putnam Street, Danvers, Mass. 99 The house was owned by 81-year-old
Elijah Bradstreet, who lived there with his wife, 76-year-old Ellen, and daughter, 55year-old Ella. 100 The relation between Ernest and Elijah is unclear; it is possible that
Elijah was Ernest’s father, although if that was the case, Elijah and Ellen would have
been 53 and 48
years old, respectively, when Ernest was born. 101 By this time, Ernest was self-employed
as a music teacher. 102
Later in 1910, Ernest Bradstreet graduated from Suffolk Law School as one of ten
in the school’s second graduating class. 103 By 1920, however, at age 37, he was
employed at a railroad station working with the telegraph system. 104 He was still renting
part of the house on Putnam Street, although ownership of the house had transferred to
Ella Bradstreet, most likely following the deaths of Elijah and Ellen. 105 No evidence has
been found that he practiced law.
Emanuel Cohen, Suffolk Law School 1910
Emanuel Cohen was born on May 22, 1882 in England. 106 He came to the United
States sometime between 1900 and 1907. 107 He enrolled at Suffolk Law School in 1907
and graduated in 1910 as one of ten in the school’s second graduating class. 108 He
became a naturalized United States citizen in 1911. 109 By 1918, he was living at 29 Beals
Street in Brookline, Mass., and had his own law practice located at 294 Washington
Street in Boston. 110 He was still living at that address in Brookline in 1920, when the
census indicates that he was one of two roomers living with the Abrahams family. 111 At
that time he was still practicing law. 112
99
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
101
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
102
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
103
Suffolk Law School Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
104
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Essex, Danvers, Enumeration District 29, Sheet 3A.
105
U.S Census 1920, Ibid. Note: The 1920 census lists the street name as Putnam, not North Putnam, but
the house number (60) is the same, as is the family that owned it.
106
World War I Draft Registration Card 1824/143, September 11, 1918; United States Census 1920,
Massachusetts, Norfolk, Brookline, Enumeration District 165, Sheet 7A.
107
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid. Note: The year of Cohen’s immigration is unclear on the 1920 census record,
but it appears to be 190[?], and he must have arrived prior to 1907 since that is when he enrolled at Suffolk
Law School. Also, only one 1920 census record was found for an Emanuel Cohen living in Massachusetts,
so while it has not been confirmed that this record refers to the Emanuel Cohen who attended Suffolk Law
School, that is believed to be the case, since the man listed was a lawyer. Also, the draft registration card
and 1920 census have been confirmed as for the same person, since the home addresses are the same.
108
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
109
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
110
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.; Boston 1918. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Company, 1918, p.
1807.
111
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
112
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
100
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In 1928, the Suffolk Law Alumni Directory listed Emanuel Cohen’s address as
unknown. 113 In 1930, Cohen was living at 87 Fuller Street in Brookline with his two
single sisters, Jane (32) and Hilda (28), both of whom came to the United States from
England in 1922. 114 At that time, he was working as a film salesman. 115 The 1936
Suffolk Law Alumni Address lists his address (presumably his work address) as 1397
Beacon Street in Boston. 116
Ole Martin Dahl, Suffolk Law School 1910
Ole Martin Dahl was born between 1869 and 1875 in Norway, coming to the
United States in 1890. 117 In 1905, he answered an advertisement for a law class to be
taught by Gleason Archer. 118 By this time, he was working as a house painter and
decorator, and Gleason Archer visited him at his shop in response to his inquiry about the
law class. 119 Archer writes that Ole Dahl “had ruddy cheeks and a good natured face,
altogether prepossessing except that his English was very faulty,” and that Ole was
concerned that he was too old (at least 30 years old) to be taught about law. 120 Despite
these concerns, Ole Dahl attended Archer’s first law class in October of 1905, and
enrolled at Suffolk Law School at its inception in September of 1906. 121 He graduated in
1910 as one of ten in Suffolk Law School’s second graduating class. 122
By 1920, Ole Dahl was still working as a house painter and was lodging at a
house in East Boston, along with eight other lodgers and at least one family. 123 By 1917,
he had married a woman named Margie (b.1889 or 1890) who was born in Massachusetts
113
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 1928, p. 173.
United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Norfolk, Brookline, Enumeration District 11-15, Sheet 9B.
Note: As with the 1920 census, only one 1930 census record was found for an Emanuel Cohen living in
Massachusetts. Although there is a slight age discrepancy between this record and the 1920 record, the two
records are believed to be for the same person, given that they both list Cohen as being born in England and
coming to the United States in 1905 (the unclear date of arrival in the 1920 census is probably 1905).
115
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
116
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15. Note: 1397 Beacon Street, at least today,
is in Brookline, not Boston; Beacon Street extends from Boston into Brookline, but address numbers
Boston end at 999. Also, since the type of establishment located at 1397 Beacon Street is unknown, it is
possible that it was the location of the film sales business for which Cohen was working in 1930.
117
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, East Boston, Enumeration District 50, Sheet 6B;
United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 13, Sheet 16A. Note:
There are discrepancies between the ages listed for Ole M. Dahl on the 1920 and 1930 census records, but
both records are believed to be those of the same person. The two census records both list the year of
arrival in the United States as 1890.
118
Archer, Gleason L. Building a School, Boston: Gleason L. Archer, 1919, p.20.
119
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p.20.
120
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p.20. Note: Archer’s note that Ole Dahl felt as though he might be too old to
take a law class indicates that the 1930 census, from which it can be deduced that Dahl would have been
about 35 in 1905, is probably correct, since if the 1920 census is correct, Dahl would have been about 30 in
1905, which is not an uncommon age at which to study law.
121
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p.20, p.48.
122
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
123
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
114
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but whose parents were Norwegian. 124 Around 1918 his first son, Fulman, was born, and
around 1923, his second son, Earl, was born. 125 By 1930, at around 60 years old, he
owned a home in Boston where he lived with his wife, sons, and also his widowed fatherin-law, Ole Haff. 126 Ole Haff had come to the United States from Norway in 1887 and
was working for a contractor (despite being 73 years old). 127 By this time, Ole Dahl was
working as an attorney. 128 By at least 1923 and until at least 1936, his law office was
located at 73 Tremont Street in Boston. 129
Robert Timothy Healey, Suffolk Law School 1910
Robert Timothy Healey was born September 22, 1883 to Dennis (1850-1902) and
Mary Healey (1855-ca. 1919). i He was the fourth of five children in a family of three
boys and two girls. ii By 1900 the family lived at 27 Belmont Street, Somerville,
Massachusetts. Robert continued to live there until a few years after his mother’s death
around 1919. iii Dennis Healey listed his occupation as merchant in the 1900 census, but
his death record in 1902 lists him as a machinist. iv Mary A. Healey was born in Ireland
and immigrated to the U.S. in 1872 at the age of 27. v
In 1900, 15 year-old Robert T. Healey was employed as a clerk. vi Gleason Archer
indicates that he enrolled in “Archer’s Evening Law School” in the spring semester of the
1906-1907 school year. vii While he attended law school in the evenings he was employed
as a machinist at an iron foundry. viii He graduated from Suffolk Law School in 1910. ix By
1918 Healey had opened a law office, R. T. Healey, at 6 Beacon Street, Boston. x
After his mother’s death he became the head of the household in Somerville,
living with his single siblings Mary (40), Rachel (38) and Arthur (30). By 1922 Healey
married and by 1930 was widowed. He left the house in Somerville and bought a house
on Sumner Street in Newton, Massachusetts. In 1930 he lived there with his sister Mary
and his daughters Mary (7) and Alice (2). xi He maintained his law practice at 6 Beacon
Street through at least 1936. xii
Bernard Joseph Killion, Suffolk Law School 1910
Bernard Joseph Killion was born around 1885 in Massachusetts to Irish
parents. 130 He was fourth of at least eight children in a family of three girls and five
boys. 131 His three older siblings, Thomas, Mary and Margaret, were all born in Ireland
and had come to the United States in 1883. 132 It is probable that his parents had died by
124
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
126
U.S Census 1930, Ibid.
127
U.S Census 1930, Ibid.
128
U.S Census 1930, Ibid.
129
The Boston Register and Business Directory: 1923, Vol. 87. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Company,
1923; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
130
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1553, Sheet 14B.
131
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
132
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
125
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1910, because at that point, he and his siblings all lived together, with his sister Margaret
as head of the household. 133
In 1907, Bernard Killion began attending Suffolk Law School, admitted “on trial”
by Gleason Archer because he was not well-educated or “of the intellectual type,” but
had “a fervent desire to study law.” 134 At that time, he was working for an insurance
company. 135
By April of 1910, 25-year-old Bernard Killion was still working at an insurance
company. 136 He was living at 10 Oswald Street in Boston, Mass., along with his seven
siblings, Margaret (26), who was head of the household, Thomas (30), Mary (28),
Katherine (23), John (21), James (19) and William (15). 137 All of his siblings were
employed at either a shoe factory or a grocery store, except Margaret and William, who
were unemployed. 138 Later in 1910, Killion, having proved himself in the classroom,
graduated from Suffolk Law School as one of ten in the school’s second graduating
class. 139 After graduating, he continued to work in the insurance field because he had
been promoted, but soon began operating a law office in the evenings. 140
On April 10, 1916, Bernard Killion became the first Suffolk graduate to argue a
case before the United States Supreme Court. 141 He, along with Charles Toye and Joseph
F. O’Connell (a former Massachusetts congressman who was one of the original
members of the Suffolk Law School Board of Trustees and later served as its vice
president), represented Henry C. Callaghan in his petition for a writ of certiorari to the
Superior Court of the State of Massachusetts. 142 This meant that Callaghan, after having
lost in a case in the Superior Court of Massachusetts, petitioned, with the aid of his
lawyers, for the case to be reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court. 143 The petition was
denied. 144
Around 1918, Bernard Killion married Dorothy Agate, who had come to the
United States from England in 1891. 145 In 1919, his son, Bernard Jr., was born. 146 By
1920, the family was living at 70 Francis Street in Boston, as were Dorothy’s parents,
Adelaide and Harry Agate, both of whom had come to the United States from England in
133
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
Archer, Gleason L., “Sketches from Life” in Suffolk University Historical Pamphlet Series #1, 1919,
reprinted 1978 by Suffolk University Law School, p. 12.
135
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p. 12.
136
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
137
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
138
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
139
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
140
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p. 12.
141
Archer, Gleason L., Ibid., p. 12; Henry C. Callaghan, Petitioner, v. The Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, 241 U.S. 667 (1916).
142
Henry C. Callaghan, Petitioner, v. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Ibid.
143
“Certoriari,” Tech Law Journal Glossary, http://www.techlawjournal.com/glossary/legal/certiorari.htm.
144
Henry C. Callaghan, Petitioner, v. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Ibid.
145
United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Norfolk, Brookline, Enumeration District 11-18, Sheet 12A.
146
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 369, Sheet 6B.
134
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1910. 147 At this point, Killion was practicing law full-time. 148 From at least 1923 to
1928, his law office was located at 294 Washington Street, Room 505, in Boston. 149
By 1930, Bernard Killion had bought his own home at 41 Naples Road in
Brookline, Mass., and had four more children, Harry (9 in 1930), Richard (1) and Barbara
(an infant). 150 Dorothy Killion’s parents were still living with the family. 151 The Killion
family was evidently somewhat wealthy, as their home was valued at $20,000 (their
neighbors’ homes were valued at $14,000 and $15,000), and they had live-in servants,
three young women from Ireland named Julia, Kathleen and Barbara. 152 By 1936,
Killion’s law practice was located at 11 Beacon Street in Boston. 153
In 1944, Bernard Killion returned to Suffolk University Law School, this time as
a member of the Board of Trustees, on which he served as Vice Chairman from 1950 to
1953. 154 Also in 1950, he was appointed a life member of the Board of Trustees. 155
During his tenure on the Board of Trustees, and perhaps beginning sooner, he was
a member of the law firm of Killion, Connolly and Williams.156 After the 1961-1962
academic year, Killion is no longer listed in the SULS Catalogue as a member of the
Board of Trustees, so it is probable that he died in 1961 or 1962. 157
Charles Francis Murphy, Suffolk Law School 1910
Very little is known about Charles Francis Murphy. He enrolled at Suffolk Law
School probably in 1907 and graduated in 1910 as one of ten in the school’s second
graduating class. 158 Because Charles Francis Murphy was such a common name in the
Boston area during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and there are no Suffolk Law
School records on him, it is difficult to positively identify a Charles Francis Murphy from
a census record or draft registration card as the one who graduated from Suffolk in 1910.
One draft registration card was found for a Charles Francis Murphy who was born
January 23, 1877, lived in Boston, and was an attorney. 159 No accompanying census
147
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
U.S Census 1920, Ibid.
149
The Boston Register and Business Directory: 1923, Vol. 87. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Company,
1923, p. 687; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 1928, p.184.
150
U.S Census 1930, Ibid.
151
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
152
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
153
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
154
Suffolk University Law School Catalogue, 1944, p. 7; Suffolk University Law School Catalogues, 19461955, various pages. Note: Suffolk Law School became Suffolk University Law School when the
University was chartered in 1937. Dates of Killion’s membership on the Board of Trustees were also taken
from the Microsoft Excel Trustees Spreadsheet created by Susan F. Archdeacon in the Suffolk University
Law School Dean’s Office.
155
Suffolk University Law School Catalogue, 1950, p. 7.
156
Suffolk University Law School Catalogues, 1946-1962, various pages.
157
Suffolk University Law School Catalogues, 1960-1967, various pages.
158
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
159
World War I Draft Registration Card 2156/2296, September 12, 1918.
148
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record was found. Charles Francis Murphy is listed in both the 1928 and 1936 Suffolk
Law Alumni Directories, but neither directory lists an address for him. 160
Harry H. Nayor, Suffolk Law School 1910
Harry H. Nayor enrolled at Suffolk Law School presumably in 1907 and
graduated in 1910 as one of ten in the school’s second graduating class. 161 By 1918, he
had a law practice at 53 State Street, Room 426, Boston, Mass., where it was located until
at least 1936. 162 By 1924, he was also a registered Justice of the Peace and was living in
Brookline, Mass. 163 By 1944, he was still living in Brookline, and his address was listed
in the Brookline Directory as 25 Thatcher Street. 164
Edwin LeRoy Weiscopf, Suffolk Law School 1910
Edwin LeRoy Weiscopf was born in 1884 in Massachusetts to Augustus and
Fannie Weiscopf. 165 He attended Suffolk Law School, graduating in 1910 as one of ten
in the school’s second graduating class. 166 In 1910, 26-year-old Edwin lived at 4 Enfield
Street in Boston, Mass., with his father (48), mother (48), younger brother (14), younger
sister (12) and single aunt (55). 167 The family also employed a maid named Lizzie
(45). 168 At this time, Edwin was working as a salesman in his father’s china shop. 169
By 1920, Edwin Weiscopf had married a woman named Minnie, whose parents
were German, and had two young daughters, Louise (4 ½ in 1920) and Jeanne (2 ½ in
1920). 170 The family was living at 3 Dwight Street Extension, Brookline, Mass. 171 In
1920, Edwin was still working as a salesman, although the industry he was employed in
is unclear. 172 By at least 1924, he was selling hotel and restaurant supplies from a
business, presumably his own, located at 5 Knapp Street in Boston. 173 Also by 1924, he
160
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 1928, p. 190; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.
15.
161
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
162
Boston 1918. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Company, 1918, p. 1812; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory,
30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
163
The Boston Directory for the Year Commencing August 1, 1924. Boston: Sampson & Murdock
Company, 1924, pp. 109 and 937.
164
Brookline City Directory. 1944, p. 451.
165
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1603, Sheet 15B.
Note: Both the 1910 and 1920 censuses list Edwin Weiscopf’s father’s birthplace as New Hampshire, but
the 1910 census lists his mother’s birthplace as Michigan and the 1920 census lists it as Illinois.
166
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
167
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
168
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid. Note: Enfield Street is located in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston.
169
U.S Census 1910, Ibid.
170
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Norfolk, Brookline, Enumeration District 162, Sheet 1B.
171
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
172
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
173
The Boston Directory for the Year Commencing August 1, 1924. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Co.,
1924, p. 1462.
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and his family had moved to 18 Denton Terrace in the Roslindale neighborhood of
Boston. 174 He operated his hotel and restaurant supply business until at least 1936. 175
While no evidence has been found that Edwin Weiscopf practiced law, he is listed in the
1924 Boston Directory as both a Justice of the Peace and a Notary Public. 176
________________________________________________________________________
Thaddeus Alexander Kitchener, Suffolk Law School 1913
Thaddeus Alexander Kitchener, class of 1913, is believed to be the first black
graduate of Suffolk Law School. 177 He was born March 3, 1884 in Kingston, Jamaica to
Robert Kitchener and Evelina Brown. 178 He graduated from Wolmers High School in
Jamaica. 179 He was a resident of 93 Kendall Street, Roxbury, Massachusetts by March
12, 1908, when he married Mary E. Smith of Annapolis, Maryland. 180 In 1909 he applied
for admission to Suffolk Law School and was accepted by Gleason L. Archer on August
8. 181 At the time of his admittance to Suffolk, Mr. Kitchener was employed as a janitor at
Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston. 182
Mr. Kitchener graduated from Suffolk Law School in 1913. 183 His World War I
Draft Registration card indicates that he continued to be employed as a janitor at
Simmons College as late as 1918 and lived at 38 Seattle Street in Boston. 184
Louis E. Pasco, Suffolk Law School 1914
Louis E. Pasco was born on February 17, 1878, in Baltimore, Maryland. 185 His
father, whose name is unknown, was from Mexico, and his mother, Elizabeth (b. 1856),
174
The Boston Directory…1924, Ibid, p. 1271.
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
176
The Boston Directory…1924, Ibid., pp. 110 and 1505.
177
Marriage Record vol. 581, page 55, Massachusetts Vital Records, 1841–1910, from original records
held by the Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic
Genealogical Society, 2004. World War I Draft Registration Card 4041/A4647, September 12, 1918. Note:
Kitchener is listed as “colored” in his marriage record and as “negro” on his World War I Draft
Registration card.
178
Marriage Record, ibid. Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, July 5, 1909, SLS
Registrations 1908-1913, application number 36. Note: His Suffolk admission application gives his birth
date as March 3, 1884.
179
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
180
Marriage Record, Ibid.
181
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
182
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
183
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.15.
184
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.
185
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, September 26, 1910, Suffolk Law School
Registrations 1908-1913, Application 27.
175
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was born in Virginia. 186 He had two step-siblings. 187 He attended grammar and high
school in Baltimore, but left school without graduating at the age of 14 to go to work. 188
He attended evening high school for six years at some point prior to 1910. 189
By 1900, 22-year-old Louis Pasco was living at 7 Walnut Street in Brookline,
Mass., with his mother, stepfather, James Matthews (b. 1858), grandmother, Eliza Diggs
(his mother’s mother, b. 1835), step-sister, Consuela (b. 1886), and step-brother, James
(b. 1897). 190 At this time, he was working at a bank. 191 In 1901, he married a woman
from South Carolina named Bertha. 192 In 1910, he lived at 2 Vila Street in Boston,
Mass., with his wife and four children, Elizabeth (7), Bertha (6), Alice (4) and Louis (an
infant). 193 He was still working at a bank, specifically the National Shawmut Bank on
Water Street in Boston, as a statement clerk. 194
In September of 1910, Louis Pasco applied and was accepted to Suffolk Law
School. 195 Pasco, whose mother was black and father was Mexican, graduated from
Suffolk Law School in 1914 as one of the first graduates of both African and Hispanic
descent. 196 After graduating from law school, Pasco continued to work as a clerk at the
National Shawmut Bank until at least 1918. 197
In 1920, 42-year-old Louis Pasco and his family were still living on Vila Street in
Boston. 198 By this time he had a fifth child, a son named Wendell who was born
probably in 1917. 199 At this time Pasco was still employed as a bank clerk, probably at
the National Shawmut Bank, although the 1920 census does not list a specific bank. 200
No evidence has been found that he practiced law.
Harry Ernest Burroughs, Suffolk Law School 1915
186
United States Census 1900, Massachusetts, Norfolk, Brookline, Enumeration District 1023, Sheet 16.
Note: The 1900 and 1910 censuses lists Pasco’s father’s place of birth as Mexico, but the 1920 census lists
it as Maryland.
187
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
188
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
189
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
190
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
191
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
192
United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 1539, Sheet 3B.
193
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
194
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.; Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.; World War I Draft
Registration Card 1189/1349, September 12, 1918.
195
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
196
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 16. Note: The 1900 census lists Pasco as
black, the 1910 census lists him as mulatto, and the 1920 census lists him as white.
197
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.
198
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 369, Sheet 11A.
199
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
200
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
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Harry Ernest Burroughs was born on April 15, 1890, in Volenia, Russia. 201 He
came to the United States in 1903 and began working as a newsboy in Boston. 202 In
1911, around age 21, he enrolled at Suffolk Law School, graduating four years later in
1915. 203 He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1913. 204 By 1917, he was living at 722
Commonwealth Avenue and had his own law practice. 205 He served in World War I,
then returned to his law practice. 206 By at least 1923, his office was located at 18
Tremont Street, where it remained until at least 1936. 207 In the 1924 Boston business
directory, he is listed as a Justice of the Peace. 208
In 1927, Harry Burroughs established the Burroughs Newsboys Foundation to
give newsboys between the ages of 12 and 17 the opportunity to learn, socialize and
develop leadership and other skills. 209 The Foundation also provided college
scholarships. 210 A newsboy himself as an adolescent, Burroughs felt compelled to
provide “wholesome adult guidance” to young boys who often had to provide for
themselves their families by working in the adult world, thus missing out on some of their
childhood. 211
In 1935, Burroughs, by then a very successful lawyer, bought a summer camp in
Poland, Maine, called Camp Maqua and devoted it to his Newsboys Foundation. 212 The
camp opened in 1936 under the new name of “The Agassiz Village of the Burroughs
Newsboys Foundation” after Alexander Agassiz, the son of naturalist Louis Agassiz and
father of Maximilian Agassiz, who financed the camp. 213 The camp was open to
Burroughs Newsboys Foundation members, as well as “any other boy age 6-17 who was
part of a trade group.” 214 In only its fifth summer, in 1940, Agassiz Village housed one
thousand campers. 215 Though it has experienced some changes, the camp still operates
201
World War I Draft Registration Card 1494/567, January 5, 1917.
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 5, Sheet 21B;
“Suffolk University to Dedicate Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall,” Suffolk University Press Release,
September 27, 2005, http://www.suffolk.edu/opa/news/nathanmiller.html. Note: The 1920 census indicates
that Burroughs came to the U.S. in 1903, but his obituary says that he came in 1904.
203
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 16. Note: Burroughs’ admissions application
is missing from the 1908-1913 Law School Registrations volume.
204
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
205
WWI Draft Card, Ibid.
206
Obituary, New York Times, December 19, 1946, p. 29.
207
The Boston Register and Business Directory: 1923. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Co., 1923, p. 683;
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 16.
208
The Boston Directory for the Year Commencing August 1, 1924. Boston: Sampson & Murdock Co.,
1924, p. 107.
209
Obituary, Ibid.; “Suffolk University to Dedicate Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall,” Ibid.
210
Obituary, Ibid.
211
Obituary, Ibid.
212
“Year by Year History of Agassiz Village.” Welcome to Agassiz Village,
http://www.agassizvillage.org/h/history.asp.
213
“Year by Year History of Agassiz Village,” Ibid.
214
“Year by Year History of Agassiz Village,” Ibid.
215
“Big Newsboy Camp Hails Benefactors,” New York Times, August 24, 1940, p. 11.
202
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today as Agassiz Village, Founded by Mr. and Mrs. Harry E. Burroughs, and caters to
both boys and girls of diverse backgrounds. 216
In Boston, the Burroughs Newsboys Foundation was located at 10 Somerset
Street, which is now the site a Suffolk University dormitory. 217 This dormitory, which
opened in the fall of 2005, was dedicated as the Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall, named
after the founder of Nathan R. Miller Properties, Ltd. of Boston 218 In addition to being a
prominent Boston real estate developer and donating $2 million to Suffolk University,
Nathan Miller is also a former Burroughs Newsboy and was one of the first Agassiz
Village campers. 219 The Burroughs Newsboys Foundation is commemorated by an
exhibit in the lobby of the Miller Residence Hall. 220
In addition to running the Burroughs Newsboys Foundation and Agassiz Village,
Harry Burroughs was also an author. His book Boys in Men’s Shoes was published in
1944 and is both an account of his life and a social commentary on child workers. 221
Burroughs efforts to improve the chances of success for young working boys did not go
unrecognized by his alma mater; Suffolk University granted him an honorary degree of
Doctor of Human Letters sometime between 1937 and 1946. 222
In December of 1946, Harry Burroughs died at the age of 56. 223 At that time, he
was living in Brookline, Mass. 224 He was survived by his wife, Hannah, two sons, Harry
E. Jr. and Warren H., and a daughter, Jean. 225 Warren Burroughs is currently the
Honorary Chairman of the Board of Trustees at Aggasiz Village. 226 The Burroughs
Newsboys Foundation lasted only five more years after Burroughs death, closing in
1951. 227
Thomas Vreeland Jones, Suffolk Law School 1915
Thomas Vreeland Jones was born May 7, 1874, to Nichols (b. around 1853) and
Harriet Jones (b. around 1855) in Paterson, New Jersey. 228 He was the second of five
216
“Year by Year History of Agassiz Village,” Ibid.
“Suffolk University to Dedicate Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall,” Ibid.
218
“Suffolk University to Dedicate Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall,” Ibid.
219
“Suffolk University to Dedicate Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall,” Ibid.
220
“Suffolk University to Dedicate Nathan R. Miller Residence Hall,” Ibid.
221
Van Vechten, C.C., Review of Boy’s in Men’s Shoes: A World of Working Children by Harry
Burroughs, from The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 50, No. 6, May 1945, p. 562, accessed via
JSTOR online database, http://www.jstor.org
222
Obituary, Ibid. Note: It has been assumed that Burroughs received the honorary degree between 1937
and 1946 because Suffolk University was not incorporated until 1937, and Burroughs died in 1946.
223
Obituary, Ibid.
224
Obituary, Ibid.
225
Obituary, Ibid.
226
“Year by Year History of Agassiz Village,” Ibid.
227
“Year by Year History of Agassiz Village,” Ibid.
228
World War I Draft Registration Card 2503/1646, September 12, 1918; United States Census 1880, New
Jersey, Passaic, Paterson, Enumeration District 154, Sheet 6; Suffolk School of Law Application for
217
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children in a family of three boys and two girls. 229 By 1880 the family lived at 75 Bridge
Street in Paterson. 230 In 1880, Nichols Jones was employed as a coachman, while Harriet
Jones was a homemaker. 231
Prior to the age of 15, Thomas V. Jones attended grammar school in Paterson. 232
On June 3, 1896, he married a woman named Caroline (b. 1874 or 1985), who was also
from New Jersey, and the two then moved to Cambridge, Mass. 233 He got a job as a
superintendent of the Second Society of Universalists office building at 28 School Street,
Boston, Mass. 234 On March 29, 1897, his son, John Wesley Jones, was born, and on
November 3, 1905, his daughter, Lois Mailou Jones, was born. 235 By 1910, he was still
working at the Second Society of Universalists office building (where he also lived with
his family) as superintendent. 236 His wife worked from home as a milliner. 237
At some point, Thomas V. Jones attended the Y.M.C.A. preparatory school in
Boston, leaving the school at age 35. 238 In September of 1911, he enrolled in the evening
division at Suffolk School of Law. 239 He received his degree in 1915. 240 His daughter
indicates that he entered the real estate field after graduating, but she also indicates that
he was a superintendent for thirty years (until the late 1920s), so it is possible that he
worked in real estate, possibly real estate law, on the side. 241 His draft registration card
from 1918 lists his occupation as janitor for the Second Society of Universalists. 242
Admission, September 29, 1911, SLS Registrations 1908-1913, no application number. Note: Jones’ draft
registration card lists his date of birth as May 7, 1874, but a biography written by his daughter, Lois Mailou
Jones Pierre-Noel, for a Thomas Vreeland Jones Scholarship fund pamphlet lists it as April 7, 1874.
229
U.S Census 1880, Ibid.
U.S. Census 1880, Ibid.
231
U.S Census 1880, Ibid.
232
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid. Note: Jones indicates that he attended grammar
school in both Paterson, NJ, and Boston, MA, but he didn’t move to Massachusetts until after he was
married in 1896, so it is unclear to what school he is referring.
233
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, “Thomas Vreeland Jones,” from the Thomas Vreeland Jones
Scholarship Fund pamphlet, Suffolk University, n.d.; United States Census 1910, Massachusetts, Suffolk,
Boston, Enumeration District 1350, Sheet 1B
234
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, Ibid.
235
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, Ibid.
236
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, Ibid., Note: The terms superintendent and janitor were probably used
interchangeably because Lois Mailou Jones Pierre-Noel describes her father as superintendent, but the 1910
census and Thomas V. Jones’ WWI draft registration list his occupation as janitor.
237
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
238
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid. Note: It is unclear why he was attending the
school so late in his life.
239
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
240
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.16.
241 241
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, Ibid
242
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, Ibid., WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.
230
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Thomas V. Jones died on December 7, 1934. 243 Several decades after his death,
his family, friends and the Black American Law Students Association at Suffolk
University Law School established the Thomas Vreeland Jones Scholarship Fund at
Suffolk Law to provide financial assistant to minority law students. 244
________________________________________________________________________
243
244
Pierre-Noel, Lois Mailou Jones, Ibid.
Thomas Vreeland Jones Scholarship Fund pamphlet, Suffolk University, n.d.,
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Shichiro Hayashi, Suffolk Law School 1922
Shichiro Hayashi was born on August 5, in either 1877 or 1879, in Mibu,
245
Japan.
He attended grammar school, then went on to high school in Utsunomiya,
about sixty miles from Tokyo, Japan. 246 He left school at age 20 with hopes of going
abroad. 247 At one point he studied law in [Yoimon], Japan. 248
By September of 1918, Shichiro Hayashi was living at 26 Arlington Street,
Cambridge, Mass., and was employed as a cook. 249 On September 12, 1918, he applied
and was accepted to Suffolk Law School. 250 He graduated from Suffolk Law School in
1922. 251 By 1936, he was still living at 26 Arlington Street in Cambridge. 252
By 1942, Shichiro Hayashi had moved to New York City, where he was living on
East 71st Street with his wife, Christine. 253 At this time, he was unemployed, probably
retired. 254 He eventually moved to Cherokee and/or Gracie, New York. 255 He died in
New York in September of 1968. 256
Thomas Joseph Lane, Suffolk Law School 1925
Thomas Joseph Lane was born on July 6, 1898, in Lawrence, Mass., to Patrick
and Mary Lane, both of Ireland. 257 By 1900, he was second youngest in a family of three
sons and one daughter. 258 His mother had given birth to seven children, but he and his
brothers, Patrick and John, and his sister, Nellie, were the only ones still living at this
time. 259 Patrick Lane was employed as a teamster. 260 The family lived at 92 Abbott
Street in Cambridge. 261
245
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, September 12, 1918, SLS Registrations 1918-1919,
no application number; Shichiro Hayashi, Social Security Death Record, September 1968, accessed via
http://www.familysearch.org; World War II Draft Registration Card 1385, 1942. Note: Shichiro Hayashi
wrote on his SLS admission application that he was born in 1879, but his Social Security death record and
his WWII draft card indicates that he was born in 1877.
246
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
247
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
248
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
249
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
250
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
251
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 23.
252
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 23.
253
World War II Draft Registration Card 1283, 1942.
254
WWII Draft Card, Ibid.
255
Social Security Death Record, Ibid.
256
Shichiro Hayashi, Social Security Death Record, Ibid.
257
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, September 19, 1921, SLS Registrations 1921-1922,
no application number; United States Census 1900, Massachusetts, Essex, Lawrence, Enumeration District
353, Sheet 4.
258
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
259
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
260
U.S Census 1900, Ibid.
261
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid.
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Thomas J. Lane attended Packard Grammar School in Lawrence and graduated
from Lawrence High School in 1916. 262 By 1918, he was employed as a retail clerk on
Essex Street in Lawrence. 263 He continued working as a retail clerk until at least 1921,
when he applied and was accepted to Suffolk Law School. 264 He graduated from Suffolk
Law School in 1925. 265
Soon after graduating from Suffolk Law School, Thomas J. Lane began a private
law practice in Lawrence, and in 1927, he was elected as a Democrat to the
Massachusetts House of Representatives. 266 By 1930, he was still living at 92 Abbott
Street in Lawrence, but now he was living with just his father and his brother, Thomas
(both his mother and Thomas’s wife had died by that year). 267 Sometime after 1930, he
married a woman named Jane (maiden name Murphy). 268 He served in the state House of
Representatives until 1937, and then served in the state Senate from 1939 to 1941. 269 He
was elected to the United States Congress in 1941 in a special election after the death
Congressman Lawrence J. Connery of Lynn. 270 He was re-elected to the next ten
Congresses, but was not re-elected to the Eighty-eighth Congress of 1962. 271 In 1956, he
was indicted for failing to pay taxes and served four months in Danbury Prison in
Connecticut. 272
After losing re-election to Congress, Thomas J. Lane continued to practice law
and served on the Massachusetts Governor’s Council from 1965 to 1976. 273 He was
active in the American Legion and an ardent supporter of veterans’ rights and benefits. 274
He died on June 14, 1994, in Lawrence and is buried at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in
North Andover, Mass. 275
Joseph David Paté, Sr., Suffolk Law School 1927
Biography written by: Catherine M. Pate (granddaughter)
Born: September 1, 1900 – Died: June 14, 1981
“Joe” was born in Somerville, Massachusetts. He graduated from Boston College
High School in 1917 where he was a member of the debating society. He then went on to
Boston College and graduated in 1921 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and honorable
262
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
World War I Draft Registration Card 464/1458, September 12, 1918.
264
Suffolk School of Law Application for Admission, Ibid.
265
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p.29.
266
Thomas J. Lane Biography, Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress,
http://bioguide.congress.gov; Obituary, Boston Globe, June 16, 1994, p.16.
267
United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Essex, Lawrence, Enumeration District 5-130, Sheet 25A.
268
Obituary, Boston Globe, Ibid.
269
Obituary, Boston Globe, Ibid.
270
Obituary, Boston Globe, Ibid.
271
Thomas J. Lane Biography, Ibid.
272
Obituary, Boston Globe, Ibid.
273
Obituary, Boston Globe, Ibid.
274
Obituary, Boston Herald, June 16, 1994, p.76.
275
Obituary, Boston Globe, Ibid.
263
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mentions in Astronomy and Geology. He studied law at Suffolk Law School, received his
degree in 1927, and passed the bar on his first try.
All through his high school and college days he was involved in the theater, either
as an actor, producer, or manager. He worked as a councilor and drama coach in the
summer at Granite Lake Boys camp in NH. He went on to manage a theater in the Boston
area.
He was a member of temporary reserves in the Coast Guard, and played trombone
in the Army band entertaining troops during World War I.
He practiced law during the Great Depression, but not many people could afford a
lawyer. He sold telephone advertising for a while to make ends meet. In the 1930s, he
had two five and dime stores, one in Orient Heights, and one in Teele Square called the
Paty Needle Company. He ran a side wholesale business importing sewing needles from
Germany (which was started by his father, Bernard A. Paty) until events of World War II
ended trade with Germany and the business collapsed. Starting in the early 1940s, he
worked 27 years for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Later, he was a realestate developer in Maine.
Joe enjoyed painting and developed a special style that involved painting with oils
on wood panels. His favorite subjects were ships and scenes he imagined from American
colonial days.
In 1926, Joe married Mary Beatrice White, (teacher, 1917 graduate of Lesley
Normal School, now Lesley University), and during the great economic Depression and
after, ably and lovingly supported his wife and five children.
From information in the family archives and from memories of his son, J. David Paté, Jr.
Harry Hom Dow Suffolk Law School 1929
Harry Hom Dow was born on March 13, 1904, in Hudson, Mass., to Hom Soon
and Alice Dow, both Chinese immigrants. 276 He was the oldest of six children in a
family of three sons and three daughters. 277 After Harry was born, he and has parents
relocated from Hudson to Boston, where Hom Soon Dow opened a laundry business, the
H.S. Dow Laundry Company, that became quite successful. 278 Harry attended the
Dwight Grammar School, presumably in Boston, for eight years. 279
In 1916, Hom Soon Dow passed away, leaving management of the laundry, which
had begun to suffer in the face of rising competition, to his wife. 280 Although Harry was
still in school at the time, he helped his mother, who had no business experience, take
over the laundry, move it to a new location (70 West Dedham Street in Boston) and make
276
Suffolk Law School Application for Admission, September 9, 1925, Suffolk Law School Registrations
1925-1926, A-L, no application number; “Chinese Mother Wins Big Battle,” [Boston Globe], October 6,
1929. Note: It is believed, but has not been confirmed, that the article about Harry Dow’s mother and the
family’s laundry business appeared in the Boston Globe; it could have appeared in another local paper.
277
United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston, Enumeration District 171, Sheet [?]A.
278
“Chinese Mother Wins Big Battle,” Ibid.
279
SLS Application for Admission, Ibid.
280
“Chinese Mother Wins Big Battle,” Ibid.
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it thrive. 281 He worked at the laundry for several years, then began working in the
insurance business, all while still in school.282 He took one course (mechanical drawing)
during the summer of 1918 at Lincoln Preparatory School, formerly Northeastern
Preparatory School, on Huntington Avenue in Boston, then attended Boston English High
School from September of 1918 to March of 1921. 283
By 1920, 15-year-old Harry Dow, his mother, and his siblings, Nellie (14),
Howard (12), Nettie (8), Hamilton (6) and Nora (4), were living at 371 Shawmut Avenue
in Boston. 284 A 1929 newspaper article about the H.S. Dow Laundry Company states
that Harry continued to work in the insurance business after leaving high school, but by
1925, he had returned to his family’s laundry. 285
In 1925, Harry Dow enrolled at Suffolk Law School. 286 On his admission
application, he listed as one of his references Joseph F. O’Connell, a Boston lawyer and
former United States congressman who served as on the Suffolk Law School Board of
Trustees from its inception and as its Vice President from 1919 to 1936. 287 By this time,
Harry had moved to another house on Shawmut Avenue, number 385, with his mother
and three of his siblings. 288 He began working for the United States Immigration and
Naturalization Services in 1928. 289 He graduated from Suffolk Law School in 1929 and
that same year became the first Chinese American to be admitted to the bar in
Massachusetts. 290 By 1930, he was still living at 385 Shawmut Avenue. 291 The 1930
census states that he was a lawyer at that time, probably for the U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Services. 292 Also, the 1936 Suffolk Law Alumni Directory lists his
address as 124 West 72nd Street, New York City, but it is unclear whether this was a
home or business address. 293 Nonetheless, by 1948, Harry Dow had a private law
practice, dealing specifically with immigration law, with offices in Boston and New York
City. 294
281
“Chinese Mother Wins Big Battle,” Ibid.
“Chinese Mother Wins Big Battle,” Ibid.
283
SLS Application for Admission, Ibid, Appendices, Transcripts from Lincoln Preparatory School and
Boston English High School.
284
U.S. Census 1920, Ibid.
285
“Chinese Mother Wins Big Battle,” Ibid.; SLS Application for Admission, Ibid.
286
SLS Application for Admission, Ibid.
287
SLS Application for Admission, Ibid.; “O’Connell, Joseph Francis,” from the Biographical Directory of
the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=O000026. Note:
Various Suffolk Law School catalogues and directories were consulted to determine O’Connell’s years of
service on the SLS Board of Trustees.
288
SLS Application for Admission, Ibid.; United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Suffolk, Boston,
Enumeration District 13-198, Sheet 1A.
289
Obituary, Boston Globe, January 24, 1985.
290
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 43; Obituary, Ibid.
291
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.
292
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid.; Obituary, Ibid.; Dow, Frederick H. “Harry H. Dow, Esq.” Harry H. Dow
Memorial Legal Assistance Fund Nineteenth Year Annual Report: 2003-2004, p. 8.
293
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, Ibid.
294
Obituary, Ibid.; Dow, Frederick H., Ibid.
282
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Harry Dow retired in 1963 and spent the next twenty years doing volunteer work
in Boston, serving as a legal adviser for many organizations that were dedicated to
serving the city’s less privileged citizens. 295 He was particularly concerned with issues
facing Boston’s Chinatown neighborhood and his home neighborhood of the South
End. 296 He served on the boards of many organizations, including Boston Legal
Services, the South End Health Center, South End Neighborhood Action Program, Inc.
and Central Boston Elder Services, Inc. and advised groups including the Chinese
Consolidated Benevolent Association. 297
Harry Dow also served in World War II as a captain in the Army Intelligence
Corps and in the Korean War. 298
Harry Dow died in January of 1985 after being hit by a truck on Boylston Street
in Boston. 299 He was survived by his second wife, Rita (Lee), four sons, Frederick H.,
Alexander H., Roderick H. and William H., one daughter, Mu Ying Dow, and six
grandchildren. 300 William and Mu Ying Dow are children by his first marriage. 301
Copyright Information: Copyright ©2006 Suffolk University.
i
World War I Draft Registration Card 3347/1164, September 20, 1918; United States Census 1900,
Massachusetts, Middlesex, Somerville, Enumeration District 950, Sheet 140A; United States Census 1910,
Massachusetts, Middlesex, Somerville, Enumeration District 1010, Sheet 178A. Note: The 1900 census
appears to erroneously reports his birth year as 1874.
ii
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid.
iii
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid; U.S. Census 1910, Ibid. United States Census 1920, Massachusetts, Middlesex,
Somerville, Enumeration District 440, Sheet 18B; United States Census 1930, Massachusetts, Middlesex,
Newton, Enumeration District 9-388, Sheet 1B.
iv
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid. Massachusetts Vital Records, 1841–1910 From original records held by the
Massachusetts Archives. Online database: NewEnglandAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical
Society, 2004. Note: Dennis Healey is reported as born in Massachusetts in the 1900 and 1910 censuses,
but his death record and the 1920 and 1930 censuses list the Healey children’s father as born in Ireland
(1920) and Irish Free State (1930).
v
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid. Note: Healey’s World War I Draft Registration Card lists her name as Mary M.
Healey.
vi
U.S. Census 1900, Ibid.
vii
Archer, Gleason L. Building a School. Boston: Gleason L. Archer, 1919, p. 52.
viii
U.S. Census 1910, Ibid.
ix
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
x
WWI Draft Registration Card, Ibid.; The Boston Register and Business Directory: 1923. Boston, MA:
Sampson & Murdock Company, 1923, p. 686; Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936,
p.15.
xi
U.S. Census 1930, Ibid. Note: The Newton house’s value is listed as $8,000 in the 1930 Census.
xii
Suffolk Law Alumni Directory, 30th Anniversary, 1936, p. 15.
295
Obituary, Ibid.
Obituary, Ibid.
297
Obituary, Ibid.
298
Obituary, Ibid.
299
Obituary, Ibid.
300
Obituary, Ibid.
301
Obituary, Ibid.
296
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Suffolk Law School Class Profiles and Biographies 1909-1929
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006
Description
An account of the resource
In 2006, the Moakley Archive completed a research project to find out more about Suffolk University Law School’s earliest graduates. This guide includes information about the classes and biographical information about a selection of graduates discovered using sources such as Suffolk University records, U.S. Census records, and other sources such as local newspapers. The classes covered were limited to 1909-1915 because there weren’t adequate records for the earliest classes of 1906-1908. This document also includes individual bios for individuals from later classes.
Suffolk University Firsts
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FORD HALL
November 26, 1933
PROFESSOR FRIEDERICH SCHOENEMANN
"Why I believe in the Hitler Government."
Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen,
When I left Harvard in 1920 I did not know that my home coming would be so very interesting. I left
as a private citizen, and I come again as a private, German citizen. And I am somewhat reminded
tonight of an experience I had in New York the other day when a showman said he would tell a
risqué story. And somebody in the audience objected and said - you are not going to tell that story
here, are you? And the actor said, "Well, I have told that story to a Boston woman's club - and they
liked it - in fact they liked it so much they offered me their home - brick by brick.
Now, there is one thing you need not be afraid of: I won't pull any propaganda stuff. You need not
believe any word I tell you. I will just try to give you as fair and as frank a picture of my Germany, as
I have seen it, as I lived there. I think too highly of you to try propaganda. But I think the mere
shouting of, "Down," or "Boo," does not mean anything at all; for history is not accomplished in one
or the other way - and then what will the evening, the night mean to all of us and to history? Five
yea.rs from now we will know both you and I, where we have gone; and that will prove perhaps more
than all the excitement tonight whether we are right - that is some of you - or I, was right. That is the
best test, and about this I am sorry to say too, we cannot speak tonight.
I hope we can clarify. the issues by being as unemotional as possible and that is why I wish to say
from the very beginning, to try to put yourself into the right perspective: That is, do not generalize
hastily and don't interpret the struggles and the great experiment of revolution and. maybe even the
reaction of Germany - do not try to interpret that only from the standpoint of the news item.
You know the definition of news as given by a Mr. Dana, a few decades ago; Mr. Dana, said in a
book of his, "That when a dog bites a professor that is to be expected - But that when a professor
bites a dog, that is news." And a good deal of what has been printed about the new Germany. I am
sorry to say makes me think of that definition of Mr. Dana's.
Now we are in the midst of a great revolution, and how can you expect the Germans to be normal rather than in an abnormal state of mind when century old traditions and institutions have been
uprooted. We are trying today new things - some of them may be nonsense others may be great; only
the future as I said can tell. But we try our best - and we try as honestly as it is possible; we try it as
�energetically as possible. We try, may be not always wisely - I will say from the very beginning, that I
am not here to excuse anything that cannot be excused -my conscience is just as good as yours. And
I would not dare to say that the wrong that has been committed is not a wrong. But both you and I,
are not always in a position of saying exactly, whether a certain wrong was committed, the same way
we were told it was committed - in the papers, in the press. And besides we must also see, that the
revolution of Germany is amongst the most unbloody, I think, in history. And as I told you in the
beginning, I can give you only a picture as seen through my eyes.
A Voice: Let us have some facts.
A few weeks before I left Germany, an English newspaper man came to me and said, "Why must
you Germans be so very different. Now when other people make a revolution they have a few weeks
of bloodshed; why didnit you go to the......and a few other places in Berlin, and murder a few
thousands of people and then the world would believe in your revolution. Now you expect us to
believe in your revolution - and you have not murdered enough - for me."--Cries of, "Boo, Boo," from the audience.
I am just telling you what he said. Now there is one thing of course that you will want to know about,
right from the beginning, and as long as I have anticipated that - I seen some of them; I made it my
special business to go there, unannounced - and I will say I succeeded. And I have seen one, amongst
the largest of the concentration camps. And I must say, even from the critical point of view there
was nothing that could be called dirty or abnormal or mean-- (Interruption by the audience.)
Of course when you ask some of the prisoners, they would say, "I don't know why I am here;" but if
you were to look up the police records you would find that in most of these concentration camps
there were at least forty per cent of the people who had prison records and some of the other people
interned were concerned with certain complications; but these things would be explained later on. I
was present at one of these concentration camps - one of the largest - and a good many of the people
were taken out of the camp and were sent to special courts, where the regular court procedure took
place, and a good many of them were released after sometime because nothing serious was found
against them. But in most of the cases I thought - even though it is certainly not nice to be
imprisoned I had sympathy with all of these people; but I still have the feeling which I had then, that
it was more human to put people into these camps than murdering them.
(Demonstration and loud cries from the audience.)
Now that may sound funny to you, but I mean every word of it. It is certainly - at first in the
beginning of the revolution many things were committed that should not have been committed - I
�said before I am not going to excuse anything of that. But on the other hand you must be fair; in
times of revolution, of social and economic unrest you cannot expect people to be quiet, normal; but
the longer the thing. lasted, the more the authorities got control of it, and today, I should not
overstep the bounds of decency and truth by saying that the authorities have the situation in their
hands fully and properly -(Interruption by audience.) So that today a man cannot be sent to a
concentration camp and held there fore more than a few days - and - so that his case is examined
quickly and decided up. (Interruption.)
Now we Germans, we have not changed - that is, of course, one thing you cannot understand. But I
was here in the states, all through the war; and in my presence, Americans - even university
professors, fine gentlemen, said the very meanest and the most poisonous things about my own
country and people that could be invented or surmised by a evil imagination. And then all at once it
seemed they discovered I was there, and of course they said, "Schonemann, you are all right." Well,
of course I feel a little bit like that now. But I have not changed, my people have not changed - and if
I could use statistics here tonight I would say with George Bernard Shaw, that you might perhaps
find in any single records, files - police records, statistics that there were so and so many percentages
of murderers; so and so many percentages of thieves and pickpockets, and so on. And that every
nation, to a certain extent lived up to those statistics. And you know, George Bernard Shaw made
quite a good point of that in war time, when everybody was saying that the Germans were Huns and
that the others were angels; and that the ways of the Huns were the ways of evil and that the
weapons of the others were the weapons of mind and democracy.
Now there is. another thing that I want to mention and that you are asking me for - you are asking
me for facts, and that is the thing that has been puffed up into the only question that regards the
New Germany - and that is the Jewish question.
Now even. to that question there are two sides. We hope all of us in Germany, we hope that in a few
years from now even the Jewish question will be an episode of-the national revolution: An episode
only and that we will have come to a modus vivendi between the two races. But in order to
understand the situation you will also have to know that a good deal of the Jewish question, can be
explained by certain statistics.
Now the Jews in Germany number about six hundred thousand; but as early as 1925, we had about
seventy--five thousand Jews of foreign birth, in Prussia alone. Now this brought the question of the
Eastern Jew into the whole German Jewish question. Every fifth Jew in Germany, let us say the day
before yesterday was foreign born - and some of the most recent importations were certainly
amongst the most, I might say the saddest cases - they were mixed up with several cases of
corruption, and we have never had-----(Cries, of Liar, liar.)
�Well, if your think that the cases of corruption we have been through for the last fifteen years are not
bad, you are sadly mistaken - not all of them I am happy to say, not all of them: (Interruption.)
Mr. Coleman: No interruptions from the floor or gallery, Please.
A good many of the people like,....and....and a few others were Jews, and these were the worse corruption cases. Now of course, bad people, abnormal - as I say when the revolution started - it is not
easy to distinguish between a good and a bad Jew especially--- (Interruption.) Well, you see, I started
with this thing because you asked for it - you asked for facts. I cannot explain this fact, only the way
that we Germans look upon it - that is a great majority today: And I can interpret those facts only the
way a moderate will interpret them. I said at the beginning I do not excuse - that is - anything that
has been done in a way, let us say, in a criminal or inexcusable way. I cannot be fairer than that, I
think. But you must listen to my facts if you are really to understand and interpret them.
But this Eastern Jew question would not have explained the antagonism - it was the revolution, the
revolution of 1918; there is no question - and that was mainly prepared and started by Jews, like, Carl
Leibnecht--A Voice: Carl Leibnecht, was not a Jew
Mr. Coleman: Wait until the question period. (Continued interruptions.)
Carl Leibnecht, was a Luxembourg Jew...the revolution in Moscow was made...Eisner and most of
his friends were Jews----(Interruptions, continued.) Well you see, there is only one choice, either we
discuss this thing in a fair way, or we don't discuss it - I am ready not to discuss it-A Voice: Tell the truth
Mr. Coleman: How is he going to tell the truth if you will not let him—
I say again, generalizing, that many of the leaders of the revolution of 1918, were Jews, and in this
way discredited the name of the Jew before the German people. Now also many of the instigators of
that revolution were Jews, many I say: and besides in Berlin alone we had come to a certain
monopoly in certain professions - eighty per cent of our stage directors and managers, were Jews;
and more than fifty per cent of the lawyers in Berlin --- (loud and continued applause) In certain
Berlin hospitals it was impossible for a Christian - a gentile to get a position----(Interruption.) I
sometimes wonder why it is you are so excited; these things have been printed in many, many
papers all over the world, America included---Voice: 'What's wrong with it---
�Well the one thing that is wrong about it is that the German people did not wish that monopoly - and
that is why they fight it. And that is really what started the Jewish question, and the regulation of
certain - in certain professions . Now of course that means a hardship to many. Of course, in many
cases I think the wrong ones have been expelled - and in many cases, excellent national minded Jews
have been fired that should not have been. But after that - after the first revolutionary excitement
was over; and the first terrible thing of every revolution as it takes place in this world - we have tried
to come to reason and to a certain moderation.
Now as early as May, we have made a federal law regulating civil service, and this law says: If you
were a civil service man before the first of August 1914, whether Jew or Gentile, you are safe
(Laughter and interruptions.)
Well, that is a fact: Besides people with honorable war records were safe whether Jew or Gentile,
and their children or parents.
Now we have really come to a modus vivendi; in the University of Berlin there are dozens of Jewish
professors, especially in my department of philosophy - I have to hurry home in December in order
to examine a Jewish girl, one of my best students - we get along all right---(Laughter and interruptions)
Wait a minute - wait a minute; in the city of Berlin, all of the Jewish stores are doing business,
department stores, almost as before. Well, here at Vorkeyn's, before I left, I bought several things I
needed for my trip to America I also went to Teitz's, another large department store, Jewish
department store in Berlin, before I came aboard my ship on my way to America.
Now we realize today, we have got to get along with our Jewish people and we will come to a much
better understanding; but one thing will certainly not happen: a livable and possible state of affairs
will not come about if a one sided, unfair and hostile and even half crazy opposition always comes
from foreign countries in this way----(Interruption.) Well, is it not psychology? It is the only true
psychology: If you Americans were told by the Mexicans, or the British or the French or the
Germans, that this and that were wrong - now certain inequalities can be understood by the
moderates - and could be understood by the moderates in your country - the Government would
even heed certain of the warnings; but as soon as you indulge in the boycott - propaganda, that is
boundless, and unjust what can you expect - can you expect that moderate measures will be taken in
such a case?
So I think if Germany were left alone - all warnings and all the other protests will be taken care of;
�there is no question about that. But if Germany were left alone, Germany will work out a living
condition that is fair to both sides, that is my fair and frank opinion - believe it or not. That is all I can
say.
Now you hear so much about Hitlerism and about Hitler. According to your papers and your public
opinion, or part of it at least, he must be a paranoiac at least; or a madman - a mad dog, some of them
call him.
(Loud applause)
See, if we could settle the difficulties of all the nations in this simple manner, it would be beautiful;
then we could just excite ourselves so that we shouted down, or even reprimanded certain violent
things in all the others. But I think we are all just a little lower than the angels, and we must try to
hide always what all of us do. I think this very minute, all over the world a good deal of violence is
done and a good deal of wrong is done - and all of the different nations sin in unison. Now I want to
say that Hitler is neither of them; neither a paranoiac nor a madman, but to us he is a political leader.
He has got as you know a popular mandate of forty millions or more of votes, the other day---(Interruption)
Well you see I knew you would laugh; but that does not change the fact, by the way—
(Loud laughter)
Well you see, if you knew really ten per cent as much of Germany as I know, you would realize that
we have quite strict laws for our elections. We have still and I think we are going to have that as long
as we are Germans, a secret ballot.
(Loud laughter)
And some stories that have been circulated here about how the votes were counted, they are to us
Germans simply ridiculous.
Now why do we call Hitler our leader? Because the common people - you see his movement is an
appeal from below, not from above; he did not get hold of the professors, the intellectuals - the
professors did not understand what he was after - but the common people understood him. We
know today one thing - that Hitler is clean as a politician--(Interruption.) He has not taken - Hitler to us is clean and not self seeking; that is why he has the
�trust of the German people. And if you would know him personally a good deal of your opposition
would go just like this, (Indicating.)
(Loud interruption)
Now to us national socialism is not a mere accident but a great movement, whose triumph was
inevitable. The votes of course control the statesmen and the politicians and so to a certain extent
Hitler will have come to power through the mistakes of others.
And here again one can say perhaps a word about the others, outside of Germany. If they had
behaved not quite so stupidly, especially concerning the Versailles document; if they had not turned
down every decent proposal by the German people and they had not gone on in their stupidity; and
if they would have understood, that you cannot make a great people second rate, or make them
accept an inferiority complex. If they had but understood that a defeat is something serious, but that
defamation is worse inevitably worse. And that a proud nation cannot stand - that it may be forced to
stand it for sometime - but cannot stand it for all time. And that is why Hitler and national socialism
brought about a new nationalism.
He understood this tendency amongst the German people in all classes by the way, from the bottom
to the top, and because he understood this national unrest, that is why he was able to unite the
German's nationally.
And here a word must be said about the Youth movement. Now four years ago when I toured the
states I was asked about that movement. The people of America seemed to expect almost everything
from that Youth movement in Germany, the millennium included. But the Youth movement has
done one great thing, it has brought the German people close together.
Now when right before the World War these youngsters from Berlin hiked out and forgot about
certain conditions of intellectualism and class feeling, and went to the common people and went to
the peasants sometimes they were ridiculed for imitating the folk dances - they sung the folk songs
and they certainly came nearer to the hearts of the common people. Now these members of the
Youth movement - they started with a dozen which afterwards grew to three millions, just before the
World War broke out it took the shape of soldiers of the fighters in the front. And these two
elements together explained easily why Hitler was able to get the support of the younger generation,
in trying to unite the German's as a nation. And when he shouted; and this was his slogan that went
through Germany, again and again: Deutschland über alles
It found echo in millions and millions of the Germans. In this way Hitler has been able to give a new
nationalism - a new face to the Germans. A new nationalism; it does not mean militarism - but a
belief in honor, as he writes in his book - one that is not an empty term; one that it is impossible to
�live in this world without. And I think nobody can deny that. Hitler has given back to the German's
that certain sense of honor as a nation, and he has given back to them a new political unity - but he
has not only talked about it; he worked for that unity, for that national and political unification, by
creating a new political organization of the empire - as we say, of the Reich - it is a faulty translation.
It has nothing to do with empire policy or imperialism; but it is the translation of, Reich - that is the
federal union of all the German states. He succeeded, and his Government with him, in bringing
about the,.... which means the co-ordination of the different states to the Reich; the empire, the
federation through a certain federal law. And that is responsible for the institution of the governors;
federal governors in the different parts of Germany:
Now a year and a half ago we had a strange thing happen to us, especially in Prussia. We: had two
governors, one de facto and the other de jure. That is when the von Papen regime came in, it took
hold of the Government in Prussia; but the old Government did not go out; it went to the Court, and
out state Court was not wise enough to distinguish between political and other reasons, but decided
half upon political and half upon juristic opinions. The outcome was wonderful, we had really two
Governments - one practical and one theoretical. So that when the incident of the celebration of a
certain great poet's birthday came up in Germany there were two beautiful documents, one
presented by the de facto Government - and the other none the less beautiful but without the official
seal, this was the de jure Government - without the official seal of state. Quite a ludicrous situation
and one of which every Prussian is thoroughly ashamed of to this day.
Now that has been done away with; we are as to organization and administration in the German
Reich, united. The old Mason and Dixon line has disappeared -- we call that the millennium. But the
organization has been taking hold of the people - most of the people Our Government knows that
patriotism is not enough - that may be a fair weather sentiment but it does not hold in times of stress
and unrest.
Patriotism is good for a monarchy may be during prosperity. But Hitler understood that in order to
give national pride to the masses of the German people, you must add social justice - and that again
is why the people of Germany believe in him.
National socialism believes in private property, but it does not believe in uncontrolled private profit.
That is we are after a social state, social in the deepest state of the word.
There is no confiscation preached in Germany - or exercised; but it is a national socialism.
Now I will take you back a few years before the war. You will remember that in the 1880's, Prussia
startled the world by founding a kind of a state socialism. At first we Germans were denounced as
paternalistic; but we started social legislation, and when the World War broke out there was an
�American by the name of Frank O. Howe, who wrote a book called, Socialist Germany, in which he
said: "That in all matters of social legislation, the Germans were ahead of all the other nations by at
least a generation.”
Now this was true at the time and it is true even today. Now Germany really started with the social
mindedness, that has been imitated as late as 1911. For instance, David Lloyd George, almost
virtually took over the whole system of the Prussian state socialism - social legislation - and even
imitated a few of the things we had in our system, for instance the unemployment insurance feature--the dole.
Now this very fact of social mindedness, in a modern state and an efficient state shows enough the
sentiment, in the sense of application in this state. Now national socialism builds on that.
Hitler fought against two things, in order to bring about this national socialism; he fought against
Marxism and Communism. Marxism, has to us two meanings; the one, is a certain theory of life and
history; everything is led back to economics and the entity of all social endeavor is the class - class
war-fare is just as natural as class interest. Now we get a good deal of that class warfare in Germany.
Only he who has lived through it will be able to understand that.
About a year ago, an American journalist came to my office; this man said that he was quite
disturbed over the German situation. Here in Berlin you could murder a man, and say it was done
for political purposes. The murderer would be sent to prison may be for a year or so, but if he had
some good connections he might be let off in less than a year and he could then exercise his political
belief further. Now, there was something wrong about our law and about the enforcement of our
law.
So many of our Social democrats were very satisfied with the jobs they had; and instead of being real
true leaders for the people they were what we call today, "Bunsen." I think that is almost as beautiful
as what you call here, "Bosses" - perhaps even worse – for you see a boss can be chased out of a job if
he is not fit for it. But a Bunzen, if he ever becomes a state official, that is, gets a position that is for
life of course you cannot get him out easily, and that is why so many of our politicians enjoyed their
wonderful berths - they wanted to stay in these positions for the rest of their lives.
There is a story of an accident that happened to the automobile of three Ministers of State; it
happened on a Sunday morning and the chauffeur drove up to this certain garage and asked the
attendant if he would look at the car in the hope that it could be repaired. And the attendant at the
garage replied, that it was a Sunday morning, that he had worked enough during the week and that,
therefore, he could not repair the automobile. "But," said the chauffeur in an excited tone of voice,
"this is something serious; it is extraordinary, there are three Ministers of State in this automobile did you know that?" Whereupon the attendant at the garage said, "'What, three Ministers of State -
�well at least one amongst them will be a plumber."
Now this incident shows of course the mark of Berlin humour. But it has also a serious undertone
there is a good deal of bitter truth in it.
We had in Germany a certain Catholic Party the Centrist Party; about one-third of our Catholics
belong to it - not all of the Catholics by any means. And to a certain extent it was not fair to call it a
Catholic Party because there were other Christian denominations in this party. But the Centrist
Party had two wings, one a left end one a right and it could flutter its wings just the way it wanted.
Now the Socialists and the Centrists together, they did a wonderful things.
It was about one hundred years ago that a Dr.
, a fine Catholic publicist wanted to criticize a
certain politician, and he said, "The trouble about these religious party people is that when they itch
religiously, they scratch themselves politically. I mean by that if you attack such a religious party
politically, that party will say I have nothing to do with politics, but I am religious. If you attack that
party religiously, from the religious point of view it can say just the other way around. And that is
one of the reasons why the Centrist Party has been rather a bane to the national unification of
Germany. I want to say again, that only a minority of the Catholic people in Germany belong to the
Centrist Party. We have a feeling in Germany, both Catholics and Protestants that the end of the
Centrist Party has helped to bring about a better understanding between the two religions - you
cannot make political capital any more out of religious things. The interests of the Catholics have
not been touched and it is only within a few months that we have concluded a concordat between
Germany and Rome. But there is one very significant paragraph in the agreement which I hope both
Rome and the German Government will live up to the obligations contained within that paragraph,
which is, "That the priests from now on must not get mixed up with politics, and especially not with
party politics." Now I think that has taken a certain religious poison out of party politics - and we are
glad of it. Of course we have had concordats before - between Bavaria and Rome, and Prussia and
Rome. But we have never had a concordat between Bavaria and the Empire, on the one side, and
Rome on the other side. So we say that here a great thing has been accomplished.
I have been asked if it is really true that with the passing of the Centrist Party, class war has been
taken out of the German body politic. Well I think to a certain extent it has. But all these things
cannot be done in a jiffy; you have to have some patience. The other day I heard a Young Turk
speaking on ten years of New Turkey - well it is true that we have not had one year of the new
Government in Germany and yet you look to it for remarkable changes - it is too soon to expect
results - you will have to be fair end patient.
Now we say quite frankly today, that we have a one party state. Whether that is right or wrong or
wise or not, only the future can tell. But since we decided for the one party state we have been
becoming meaner and more dishonest than ever before. Well you see, you do not know what you are
�- what you will come to in this country - you do not know yet.
Now it has been said that the labor unions have no representation in Germany. That is not true. We
had a certain supremacy of the socialistic and rather radical socialist labor unions in Germany; and
that did not help us very much since so many of the leaders of those unions were not true leaders;
were just Bunzen, as said before; but they have very wisely now united in a national labor front;
where labor and the state and capital are together.
Perhaps you will remember the epidemic of conferences and the arranging of compromise measures
- sometimes between capital and labor; and at all these conferences you will probably recall that
there was a very distinguished representative of the people, Doctor Charles W. Eliot of Harvard
College; but in these conferences the other two parties usually compromised at the expense of the
representative of the people - mostly on the backs of the people. Now in Germany today that can no
longer be done - if you regulate capitalism you must also regulate labor union supremacy; the
interests of the people as presented by the state and through the state can be taken care of, to my
mind and to the mind of the majority of Germans much better in the conditions of today. Whether
that will work out all the different problems is a matter for further discussion.
But it is not true as has so often been said, not only in America but elsewhere that labor is unorganized and that labor is not heard. The nationalistic side of socialism is one thing but the socialistic side
is just as veritable a thing.
And I have had the feeling here tonight that you do not quite realize what it is that you are booing
and criticizing here. I think our socialism in Germany is a real socialism, based on the experience of
the Prussian state; but think that your NRA business is state socialism in the Prussian - German,
sense of the word.
There are many times when the old methods of doing things must be discarded. For instance in
times of money inflation and of threatened money inflation, the old methods of cow bargaining must
give way to quick action through the government: And that is exactly the German position today.
We in Germany have come to a new conception of state; that of course is not definitely settled.
We are as yet in the middle of a revolution as I said before.
Now what about the flag raising and all the celebrations of which you have heard so much about?
Well, I think here is a great sense to that. Now the German people have been characterized as a dull,
phlegmatic people, with night caps on their heads; quiet, industrious, opinionated, good people but
slow; that they could always be fooled easily by some other smarter fellow, because they were not
politically minded and because they did not think of organizing politically; they were so
individualistic that even the American brand of "Rugged individualism," was as nothing compared
�with the individualism of the German people. For even when three Americans come together there
is but one mind; whereas when three Germans have a meeting there is at least four or five different
opinions. All this is to a certain extent has been done away with. For, when you force parts of a
people to join and become into the whole in a parade or celebration; to march in one great
enthusiastic parade you weld them together into a solid mass thinking all for the same objective - you
can follow; you have to keep step, you have to think of the other fellow; you have to keep step with
the big drum. You begin to learn something of what the other fellow wants in his life and you have to
cooperate. These parades also give to the people to the masses a feeling of their oneness, of their
bigness; and these celebrations have to a great extent accomplished what I suggested before, that
new oneness of the people.
About a year ago it was impossible to get the different big suburbs of Berlin to take part in one
celebration. This year on the first of May, we had a national celebration in which a million and a half
people came together - and they were not driven together. But even the intellectuals were glad after
they had seen the light, to cooperate. And in my suburb alone about nine hundred people of the
different classes of the population voluntarily marched together in a big parade. How was it a year
ago in May of 1932? They had an international celebration - they had only the red flag of eternal
revolution in the streets; you had assaults and even bloodshed and a good many other incidents that
should not have happened. There was certainly no unity of the people; there was class against class.
But on this first of May, 1933, we have at least tried honestly to bring the classes together. And it has
succeeded marvelously; and that is my honest opinion - (Laughter) Because there was a certain new
idealism in the ranks of the common people; because there was a feeling that we have got to stand
together.
Perhaps you do not realize in what a terrible economic fix we are. We have been bled white by the
Peace Treaty -- the so-called, Peace Treaty of Versailles. Financially we are in a very bad state:
Economically also we have been bled white. Then we are a nation of exporters as you probably
know; and then, first came the shrinkage of the pound; afterwards the dollar went through the same
fluctuations, and then we experienced the difficulty of a certain boycott: (Loud applause) And all of
those difficulties have helped to bring about a bad state of affairs in Germany so that this winter is
sure to be a severe test of our new national socialism. If we get through this winter in Germany all
right, national socialism will stay - and it will stay for a long period. Mind my words. Because -- I
think this new idealism is an idealism of sacrifice; and in this respect we are not so very different
from you today. Here also there is that which appeals to the man who has, to give in order that he
who has not be helped. There is also a program for procuring employment for those out of work; and
our Government is working hard to secure employment for all those in need of positions.
But our economic system is really as rotten as it possibly could be; and yet this new idealism, this
idealism of sacrifice - (Laughter) - whether you believe it or not is not essential here - but I know it,
and we Germans; this new idealism of sacrifice is necessary to make us solve these huge, these
�almost unsolvable problems -- is necessary, really to help us to stand together, to work together in
the common interest.
And it is more than just a sentiment; there is organized effort. You have heard a great deal about
propaganda. The German for, Propaganda. does not mean the same as the English word; we have no
word for "Proselyte," in German. The German word means all that is contained in the English word,
"Publicity."
Now we have never known in Germany as a people what East Prussia meant; we have never known
for the last five or six years what the needs of the peasants were - we have learned step by step;
different German tribes have been brought together; East, West, South and North. The
townspeople and the peasants have come together, they have joined in all those big parades
together; have come together in a popular movement to meet on natural ground ; and finding that
the yokel from a small country town is on just the same footing with the white collared tradesman.
This summer when there was a fear and unrest in Germany, many of the summer vacationists
cancelled, their trips of Germany; this created a situation. Nevertheless the Government did a thing
which no Government ever before has done, and that was to invite all the youngsters, high school
boys and girls, college graduates and all and give them round trip tickets to Bayreuth –
(A Voice, "were there any Jews among them?")
I should not wonder but what there were a few Jews among them; I have Jews in my classroom; and
wherever I go in Berlin there are Jews. Now this action on the part of the Government in sending
gratis all these people to the music festival certainly gave to a large part of the population a great
experience, one that they will never forget.
Now there has been another thing that has shown the new spirit in Germany. Our theatres have in
many places been forced to close because of lack of patrons. Recently there has been an effort put
forth whereby the different suburbs would subscribe for a number of tickets; in different parts of the
city of Berlin, they would subscribe to so many tickets from the different theaters - in this way we are
going to be able to support a few of the leading theatres; and in this movement the common people
have come to a realization of the fact that they are as much a part of the movement as the rich and
well-to-do; that they are really a pert of the new German policy and have an equal share in all that is
for the best of the whole people. And it works fine.
There is certainly a tendency towards a great deal of cultural unity. And religion is on the forward
march. You hear a good deal about a certain group of radicals; but again I say in times of revolution,
you cannot expect all people as moderate - as let us say, you are tonight. But, our churches are really
attended today. And I want to say here that the religious privileges and right, of no Jew have ever
�been hurt in Germany - we have never been intolerant - (Laughter). We have of course radicals yes, and I am to an extent. We have radicals, and you have read in the papers recently that a certain
Dr. Krause, said some very stupid things. Well, men like Dr. Krause, will say a lot of more stupid
things ; but there is always a certain amount of moderation coming to the foreground which will in
time bring about a better understanding. These questions dealing with church organization
and with the different creeds will in time be amicably settled and a good many of the high hatted,
radical German Christians will learn their lesson and accept the spirit of moderation. But I think the
majority of us have not lost our heads - we are still as good, or as bad as we always were.
In economics little has been done to lessen the tax burdens on account of the many demands on the
public exchequer. We have as I said before been really bled white; and the taxes in many cases were
so unjust, that many other nations would not have borne them. But we are a very patient nation; and
is that so especially of the middle class, which was in despair because the old regime would take no
steps to relieve these heavy tax burdens; buy the new regime has tried to do it. We discovered a few
months ago the condition that some of the people had come to - there were about six thousand
house maids in Berlin out of work. The new Government decided to cut down the social premiums;
for instance under the old arrangement I had to pay seventeen marks a month for my maid; and that
has under the new policy been cut to three marks; (Laughter) of course I can only give you these
items just as it was, of course if you do not understand the significance I cannot help it. Besides, for
the income tax a maid, is treated in the same way as a child; for every child or every maid an
allowance is made on your income tax. Now these two things have brought employment for at least
three or four weeks to more than sixty per cent of those unemployed house maids. Of course this is a
little thing but if the little things were not done they would soon mount to unconquerable
proportions.
The Government is trying to solve these difficulties; they are slow to be sure, but there is the spirit,
they are trying to solve them.
Now the Germans have been accused of a spirit of certain self sufficiency. And I want to say that
that has been forced upon us. We believe as a nation in a certain international give and take in
economics. But nothing has been done to help us. The British and the Americans have told us that
on account of the shrinkage of the currency of course we would be in trouble. Now only the other
day we were told that America had recognized Russia, and what a wonderful thing that would be for
America; and that the Germans would be the losers for that. And that is about - (Loud applause)
Now in summing up I would like to say that we have tried an experiment; we are in the midst of it we do not know how it will come out. But we Germans feel that a good rally things have been
accomplished - whether foreigners say so or not is a matter of secondary importance to us. We hope
that some day they will understand our difficulties. But remember this please as significant; oh, you
show certain of the elements of internationalism is in your hearts - the laws of Germany after a time
�will also be your laws - but if you think bad - for instance if you have the boycott against Germany
you are hurting not only the Germans - the German capitalists, but also the German Jew - the
merchants; of course you do.
Now as I said before we are trying to cooperate in a spirit of national pride and social justice (Laughter) We want to have a combination of the social state and private property - we do not
believe in confiscation; we think that we do not.
I said we were in the midst of a great revolution - in the midst of a great experiment: We do not harm
anybody. I went to say again as I said before, I think I cannot be more decent - I sometimes think I
am more amiable than you are. I say again that where a wrong has been done, that it has to be righted
or the wrong falls back on the wrongdoer. But that applies to you as well, my dear friends - that
belongs to all of us.
Now I say again, Germany does not harm anybody. And if Germany were left alone she would
certainly solve her own problems, in her own somewhat pedagogical but somewhat thorough and
social way.
Questions and Answers.
Question: Who financed Hitler's popular movement, and for what purpose?
Answer: Hitler is the only politician on this earth able to charge for the privilege of getting into his
organization. Now after a while, when he has a few hundred of thousands of members in his
organization or party movement, he charged them in addition from three to five marks a month.
Now that makes a good deal of money today. There are more than a million and a half in the party
movement today and that means a considerable income to the party treasury every month. You do
not need any capitalist in such a case, to finance such a popular movement for many mites make a
huge sum.
Question: If the Hitlerites are so innocent why do they want the head of Einstein as a trophy or a
souvenir?
Answer: I do not think you will find one German in the entire population of sixty-five millions who
would like to have his head - as a souvenir. But I can tell you a few things about Einstein; you see he
got a so called Einstein tower, it was given to him as a present from Prussia - and the German,
Prussian tax-payers paid for it; he was made a present of the tower from the municipality of Berlin,
as he was given his big house - that only has been taken away. So much was made of that only the
�other day by the German representative of Einstein - but these were only presents that were then
away again.
Question: Do you not believe that of all the German Jewish professors who have been expelled from
Germany, there are not among them some great men?
Answer: Certainly some extraordinary men; no question of that -- (Interruption) Well not, just wait
- what is great? Do you know whether Einstein will be called great twenty-five years from now?
Question: I would like to ask the speaker; how is the program for social justice in Germany, which
you have told us about, consistent with the way in which we have treated the Jews; which Mrs.
Barron was about to tell us about, but of which we already know?
Answer; I think I have answered the Jewish question as decently as I could; but I want to say again
that if a certain thing has not been consistent with that policy of social justice, the future will show it.
That is all I can say.
Question: How can cultured, educated Germans like yourself, Professor, follow as a leader
uneducated men with records, which have been recited to us by the questioner?
Answer: well, first of all most of the names given are the names of men who can dictate to me or to
any other educated German --yes I say, everyone in Germany - (Interruption) ; Oh, I am not afraid
of anything. Every word I said tonight can be reported to Germany. And another thing, is that
neither you nor I, know the details of private lives - -I do not want to go into that here.
Question; Do you think that it is just that a German like yourself, should be given the right of free
speech in America when in Germany, one from America, say, who wanted to stand for a republican
form of government, etcetera might be put in a concentration camp?
Answer: Don't you want to be better than that?
Question: What is the popular German concept of Aryanism - how valid do you think it is
anthropologically, sociologically or any other 'ogically speaking?
Answer: About Aryanism, we are about as undivided of opinion as you are about NRA We German
�professors we are still investigating these things, and I want, to tell you that if we arrive at any
definite conclusion through our research we will say so.
Question: I would like to know if the speaker deliberately omitted to speak about the Reichstag fire?
Answer: I omitted it because the investigation is not closed yet. If I knew what the German Court
will finally decide I could tell you tonight. As I said before if you knew only ten percent as much of
Germany as I know, you would be aware that we have a decent body of jurists and judges - and I
think that nobody denies that. And I ask why in any other country they should
allow such disgraceful conduct to be shown the court procedure of a great nation as has recently
been witnessed through the mock trial held in London as a travesty on the Reichstag fire?
Question: You said that the Jews in Germany were corruption; was that because they were so highly
educated and displaced the Germans in large numbers in the professions - or was it because the
Germans were too lazy to become educated?
Answer: I think I need not speak of German education in this country even--I think that is settled
even in this country. But on the other hand I want to say this one thing; I have not said that the Jews
were corruption; but I said that roughly, so many Jews were identified with corruption cases--and I
stick to that.
Question: There are various countries in Europe which the speaker told us adopted the policies of
the Germany of 1911. What single country in the world has adopted the present policy of Germany?
Answer: We do not wish any other country to adopt our policy. We believe all of us Germans, that
national socialism is not for export; so we do not care what other people think about our matters.
Question: Before the Hitler regime, professor Schoenemann, had to pay seventeen marks for a maid
he has told us; now that the Hitler regime is in power he has to pay only three marks; will you tell us
professor, if that is the reason why you believe in the Hitler government?
Answer: well, I think that was a slip on your part, for I said - in the way of social premiums, etcetera-perhaps I did not make it clear. Of course you have to pay between thirty five; and fifty marks for a
decent maid, in Berlin; but the, three, part I want to explain: The seventeen marks consisted of a
premium for sickness insurance; validity insurance; unemployment insurance and things of that
kind. And instead of these charges to pay now, you have only three marks to pay--that is, you, as the
�boss of the house I may say; you only pay much less for the social things than ever before--for these
premiums.
Question: The speaker said, if we knew Hitler--really knew him we would have no opposition to
him. Do we not, an intellectual nation know Hitler through his story, "My Battle", and what he
thinks of the entire Jewish world?
Answer: I think you cannot do him justice only by reading this book--but not in the English edition-I am not responsible for that-even that would not be sufficient. The book was published in 1925; it is
a very subjective story. It is the life story of him, but it was written when he was in prison and in a
way had to justify before the world what he was after. So as a book--it is certainly a one sided book
and it is not a primer of politics. But certainly you cannot judge a man by one book. .There was an
interview published only a few days ago, that Hitler gave to one of the leading French journalists;
and this French journalist said, "If his book is filled with diatribe against France it should be
remembered it was written when Hitler was suffering martyrdom in prison and since then the man
has evolved greatly."
Question: Is it not true that Hitler's dogma of Aryanism, provided the growing youth of Germany
with racial jealousies and animosities and made possible Hitler's political success?
Answer: I cannot see any great relation between the two - I mean what you mean - that he puffed
himself up first as an Aryan, and then he came into power-Question: I meant instead of presenting himself as an individual, inspired, unselfish - for the benefit
of humanity - instead he probably used a dogma making use, psychologically of the mass reaction;
namely, jealousies, animosities--thereby using it as a stepping stone for his own success?
Answer: No, I do not think so. I think to a certain extent he made use of the certain antagonisms
against the Jews. That is true to an extent. But I do not think his ultimate success had anything to do
with the dogma of Aryanism.
Question: If you are not sure how the present political philosophy of Germany will work out - why
should there by propagandizing in this country?
Answer: That have I to do with propaganda--well* I was invited to come here to present my case
and I came.
�Question: If Germany is seeking to work out
her own problems within herself, why is she seeking to put Nazism into Austria and thus to gain
greater power for herself?
Answer: She is not putting Nazism into Austria - she is already there. And Dolfuss don't want to
have general elections. Outside of Vienna they are ninety to one hundred percent Nazi. That's the
fact--my fact.
Question: What was the reason for professor Lessing's murder.
Answer: I do not know.
Question: Is the Austrian Hitler, the one to judge between good Jews and bad Jews among the six
hundred thousand in Germany--is he to judge that all of the six hundred thousand are bad?
Answer: Certainly not; he does not do it.
A voice: I have just come from Palestine where I met hundreds and thousands of refugees from
Germany; and what Mrs. Brin could not tell you I could and take hours and tell it to you clearly and
not as moderately as you did here tonight, because I know-
Question: How can you reconcile Hitler's protestations of peace with the declaration in his book in
favor of the philosophy of force?
Answer: Now there is one thing I would be very happy to have, and this the necessary information
to answer in full all of the intelligent questions of one thousand people. Now there is one thing I like
best, it is in an American poem, and that line runs, "Be merciful to me a fool". In answer to your
question I can only say what I said before that Hitler's book is not a primer of practical politics or
policies - a man who is in power will have to act differently from a man who is not in power: And
when he wrote that book he did not even think of getting the power one day.
Question: As an American journalist who has been in Germany, I would like to ask the professor a
question. He has attempted to approve of Hitler’s government by saying that employment is being
bettered in Germany. I would like to ask him, if the unemployment situation is being bettered in
�Germany by the discharging of non-Nazi members of factories and in replacing them with Nazi's;
and putting the discharged men on pensions and relief roles?
Answer: I have heard this before; but you certainly cannot solve the unemployment problem in this
way. I do not think the national government--which, by the way does not consist only of Hitler and
his people; but there are a few independents--Dr. Schmidt, present federal administrator of labor is
independent--of course unemployment cannot be solved in that way. But I think it would be crazy on
the part of the Germans if they did that. I cannot believe that we are half as stupid us this measure
would imply.
Question: Supposing the speaker were a Jew, would he speak in the way he did tonight?
Answer: Why, certainly not - but if I were a nationally minded Jew, I would certainly speak--not the
way you would have expected me to have spoken tonight. I know of many cases, and I am proud of
these very Jews, friends of mine; who have still today--still believe in the Germany of today. Oh,
they are numberless. I am happy to say there are numberless cases of nationally minded Jews. They
are organizing today to fight for him: And if they show their character and all that is fine in their race
I am sure they will win. And this is the belief I have with them.
* * *
John Fitch
Parkway 2378*R
�
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PDF Text
Text
KEEP THE NAZIS OUT- BO TO'
OF'
• THE FORD HALL FORUM, under cover of the slogan of "free speech", has -invited a
representative of the Hitler Government of murderers . and anti-Semites to ·speak at their
Forum next Sunday evening, November.26. -.
·DEMONSTRATE!
• COME AND· SHOW your unalterable ·opposition and indignation against Hitlerite terror
and reaction I·
OUTSIDE.FORD HALL
-
(Ashburton Plar
off Bowdon Streb,
.
Sunday, NO~
vember Z6-7.oo p. m.
• IN THE LAST FEW DAYS, scores of protests have been se?S.t to David K. Niles, directot
of the Ford Hall Forum, demanding that he cancel the Nazi speaker. Replying to our protest, Mr. Niles stated that he is against Hitler, but believes 1n allowing Hitlerites to present
their views. In response to his letter, the John Reed Club of Boston sent the following
communication:
John Reed Club
. 825 Boylston Street, Boston
November 20. 1933.
Mr. David K. Niles, Director
:,
--:---Ford H a ll For u m
·
_,-~ __
Boston, Mass.
.·.
Mv dear S ir :W e have receive d y our answer -to our -le tter and c an•
not heh> expressing surprise at - -the extent to which you
chain yourself to an untenable logic.
While on the one hand you insist that you are deter•
mined to fight against Fascism, ·on the other, hand, as a
defender of "free speech" even for Hitler Fascists, you .are
yourself destroying t he effectiveness of your fight. Indeed,
you become a means of spreading Fascist propaganda, a
defender of Fascist propaganda.
·
.
You say that the meeting at which Schoennemann is
invited to speak will be utilized to expose Hitlerism, and
Fascism in general; we simply cannot agree on such a form
of anti•Fascist struggle. You do not seem to realize the fal- ·
lacy of your logic, the consequences of such a logic: you do
not differentiate between a philosophy \vhich calls for clar•
ification, AND A NEW TREND OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT A MOST BRUTAL DICTATORSHIP OF
· CAP ITALI SM which requires just such a propagandist
as Schoennemann to make it palatable to .the unsuspecting
victim. Your "fight" again st Hitler's Fascism, against this
band of murderers, of German Kaiserists and chauvinists,
is no fight at all.
_
,
Further, you must realize that while you are permitting
Hitlerites to speak under your auspices, you are serving as
the doorman to introduce Hitlerites into countless Ford
Halls of the United States, where they will conduct, not a
1
simple_propaganda of their "philosophies", but will organize
Fascism, will organize a combined struggle with the Ku Klux
Klan and other reactionar.y bodies, against the great masses
of American workers.
Here is the position, t hen__.___t.Q_ which your logic · drives
.;;o.u · NDIRE CT BEAR
_J'.E.,
~
_ ~
~
It is a position that tlie F_
~
<a ---~ - - "'" a "'
means of spreading their v enom against the workers, against
the Jewish people and against the Negro people, through
their ally, the Ku Klux Klan.
•
You signify in your letter your intention of maintaining your freedom of fighting Fascism in your own way. If we
do not convince you of your untenable position, with all its
consequences, you must understand, on your side, that we
s ignify our full right of maintaining OUR freedom in ap·
plying OUR methods of fighting Fascism, preventing the
Fascists from spreading their propaganda in the United
States, demonstrating against Fascism, proving our solidarity with the oppressed masses of Germany, with the op·
pressed Jewish people, with the defendants in the infamous
Reichstag trial.
.Your methods oblige us not only to organize to prevent
Fascists from speaking in Boston, but to_ rally other organ•
izations in support of our position. At the same time, your
methods oblige us ·. to expose your attitude an ·attitude
which sets you , up as a defender in this country, of capitalist dictatorship at its murderous worst.
In order to head you off from the contradiction into
which you are sailing, so that we may still fight shoulder
to i;houlder against the common enemy, we emphatically
demand that your invitation to Professor F ; Schoennemann
be withdrawn.
.
Yours verv truly,
EXECUTIVE BOARD, JOHN REED CLUB.
--
• GIVE NO OPPORTUNITY to the Fascist murderers who are killing and torturing ·
thousands of workers and Jewish people, who are responsible for the scandalous Reichstag-trial frame-up, to spread their venom here in Boston I Send protest telegrams, letters
and postcards demanding the cancellation of the Nazi speaker to David K. Niles, Ford
Hall Forum, Little Building, Boston.
• THE JOHN REED CLUB, an organization of workingclass artists, writers and intellectuals, calls upon all workers and -professionals, all Jewish people, all anti-Fascists and all
organizations to appear outside Ford Hall, Sunday evening, at 7 :00 to demonstrate against
Nazi propaganda being brought into Boston.
John Reed Club, 825 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass.
~-
1
�
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Friederich Schoeneman's 1933 Lecture at Ford Hall Forum, Why I believe in the Hitler Government, transcript and poster
Date
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26 November 1933
Description
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English
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Schoenemann, Friederich
Ford Hall Forum
Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933.
Nazi propoganda
Anti-Nazi Movement--United States
Ford Hall Forum
-
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741f0793dbd5d7ecf6e194bb1e3d3fd2
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Feburary 15, 2015. Midnight Shift. SUPD Mobile 101 on patrol after the receiving the record snow fall in January.
-
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24095a1298703a1d0928519898ded2d2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Tix_IMG_4960.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
15 cent movie tickets from the Modern Theatre, undated
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of John Toto. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
Theater
-
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9a76de0a5f1917812ff9e69c453325be
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Thomas_Edison_National_Historical_Park_-_film_projector.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Early film camera developed by Thomas Edison
Description
An account of the resource
This early film camera was developed by Thomas Edison, whose invention of the Kinetoscope and the Vitascope led to the first silent motion pictures.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
-
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abfb2fba0da8ea5720d3f9cc94411509
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Thomas_Edison_3c_1947_issue_U.S._stamp.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
1947 U.S. postage stamp featuring Thomas Edison
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1947
Description
An account of the resource
Thomas Edison experimented with the transmission of vocal sounds and images while living in the Boston area. The great inventor was commemorated in a U.S. postage stamp
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, accessed via Wikimedia Commons
Modern Theatre
-
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50dbba52fcd0c8e8fb53409aa1881513
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
The_Jazz_Singer.gif
Title
A name given to the resource
Poster advertising The Jazz Singer, undated
Description
An account of the resource
The Jazz Singer was a groundbreaking movie that incorporated spoken dialogue into film.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public domain, accessed via Wikimedia Commons
Modern Theatre
-
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768480590507cf023645305f4be5b64c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Song_IMG_4977.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Sheet music cover for Meet Me Tonight at the Modern Marie, undated
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of John Toto. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
-
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7e675978086393d55fd620e85dbf50b5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ProgramComp1914.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
1914 Modern Theatre program
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
Description
An account of the resource
The program includes a synopsis of the photo play as well as a list of coming attractions and advertising.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of John Toto. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
-
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bbd573cdb3bcb8281378c4bc8c4dcb09
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
postcard_IMG_1926.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Postcard advertising shows at the Modern and Beacon Theatres, 1926
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1926
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of John Toto. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
Theater
-
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c9ba9f1b4a7fad80005686b0184a993e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern-postcard-5.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Postcard featuring a view of Boston's Theatre District, undated
Description
An account of the resource
Visitors to Boston sent postcards home showing that they had seen the celebrated Washington Street theater and shopping district
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Boston street scenes
Modern Theatre
Theater
-
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8e2117cdcd289621579b160c1a9966c3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern-postcard-2.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Postcard featuring a view of Boston's Theatre District, undated
Description
An account of the resource
Visitors to Boston sent postcards home showing that they had seen the celebrated Washington Street theater and shopping district
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
-
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63af631581525d98240b7538b2fd331d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern-Lourie Web.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Portrait of Modern Theatre owner Jacob Lourie (1874-1940), undated
Description
An account of the resource
Jacob Lourie (1874-1940) owned the Modern Theatre when it opened in 1914. He was an innovator who was the first in Boston to introduce sound with movies.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern_streetscape_square.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
View of Boston's Theatre District, including the restored Modern Theatre, undated
Description
An account of the resource
Lower Washington Street, Boston, has reemerged as a vital entertainment district after decades of deterioration.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
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Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern Theatre sign 1.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
View of Boston's Theatre District, including the restored Modern Theatre, undated
Description
An account of the resource
The Modern Theatre has been called the “jewel in the crown” of Boston’s restored Theater District. (unknown, commissioned by Suffolk)
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute. Prior permission is required for any commercial use.
Modern Theatre
Suffolk Campus
Suffolk University
Theater
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern Theater Interior and Floor Plan.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Modern Theater Interior and Floor Plan from the The American Architect, Vol. CVII, No. 2049.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
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JPG
Rights
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Courtesy of Boston Public Library
Modern Theatre
Theater
-
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d56687876074236c3db985f6a1292536
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern Renee DeKona-Selwyn-lge.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Judith Selwyn of Preservation Technology Associates looks over the marble blocks incised with the Modern Theatre name during Suffolk University’s restoration of the historic theater’s façade, 2009
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
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JPG
Rights
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Renee
Modern Theatre
Suffolk Campus
Suffolk University
Theater
-
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4bb299c4b82f95d608542812ab720d26
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Modern netocomatchbkmore.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
New England Theatres Operating Company, or NETOCO, pamphlet, circa 1927
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927
Description
An account of the resource
Modern Theatre owner Jacob Lourie built a theater empire as owner of New England Theatres Operating Company, or NETOCO, which at its height operated 35 theaters. The company was affiliated with the Paramount studio until antitrust action broke up such partnerships.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
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Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of John Toto. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute.
Modern Theatre
Theater
-
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a3f1c56f502b15b9a6f32c7cc6baa600
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
Louis_B_Mayer_and_Joan_Crawford.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Louis B. Mayer and Joan Crawford in Hollywood, undated
Description
An account of the resource
Mayer began his movie career in Haverhill, Massachusetts, by converting a burlesque house into a movie theater. Eventually he was to lead the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
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JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Los Angeles Times, accessed via Wikimedia Commons
Modern Theatre
-
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831803b16cdde5047ee37ed285f00caf
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
InsideMG_4965.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Interior of the Modern Theatre. Undated
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
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JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of Sager Family Foundation Archives. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute.
Modern Theatre
-
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f0a9447aabbea7978a179846b7d633ee
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
InsideBkIMG_4968.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Interior of the Modern Theatre, undated
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of Sager Family Foundation Archives. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Institute.
Modern Theatre
-
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245e7c7de9a5f8347ab737a37c09a6e8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
historic exterior.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Exterior of the Modern Theatre, 1926
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1926
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Courtesy of John Toto. Copyright is retained by the creators of items in this collection, or their descendants, as stipulated by United States copyright law. This item is made available for research and educational purposes by the Moakley Archive & Instit
Boston street scenes
Modern Theatre
Theater
-
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942f5c86874e3326485d7e10ddf2d248
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Other related resources
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of item records that link to, and cite, resources outside of the Moakley Archive's collections that have been included here for use in Suffolk University student exhibits.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
drawing and 1915 image.jpg
Title
A name given to the resource
Boston newspaper listing from advertises a 1940 double feature playing at the paired Modern and Beacon theaters. The film reels were transported from one venue to the other by streetcar between showings.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1882-1915
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Other related resources
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still image
Photographs
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public Domain. Accessed via Wikimedia Commons
Modern Theatre
Theater