File #3641: "ms-0232_ref.pdf"

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There are many young, small .neighborhood forums where
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the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
these small bills. On the other hand, there are well
111 l ished community forums, exerting an influence for
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BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS

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FIFTEEN YEARS

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Of-' THE

Th·e Forum Chairma;
By HAROLD MARSHALL

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Fo~D HALL ~ORUM
BOSTON: MASSACHUSETTS

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Originator and Director of the Melrose

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An array of the vital topics of our time.

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Fifteen sample forum programs for a season.

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The meaning of the forum idea.

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By GEORGE W. COLEMAN

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Ford Hall Forum,

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Boston, Mass.

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SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

A panorama of speakers with a message.

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Speakers have called it

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"THE GREATEST AUDIENCE IN AMERICA"

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Founded February 23, I908

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THE FORD HALL FORUM

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What It Means

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FORD HALL FORUM

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GEORGE W. COLEMAN . . .... . ..•...... • ... . Director
ALICE H. SAMSON ............ . . Executive Secretary

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Little Building, 80 Boylston Street
Boston, Massachusetts

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Acting under the will of DANIEL SHARP FoRD, proprietor of The Youth's Companion, who died Decem. ber 24, 1899, the Boston Baptist Social Union
-established the Ford Hall Sunday Evening Meetings,
now known all over the country as the Ford Hall
·Forum. The meetings h~ve been continued without
hlterruption every season since they were established, February 23, 1908. The Ford Hall Forum
has not only become a conspicuous public platform
and developed to a remarkable degree the technique
of open discussion of vital questions under orderly
restraint, but it has also served as the inspiration
and model for hundreds of forums scattered throughout the country.

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:Mr. GEORGE w. COLEMAN, an active member of the
Boston Baptist Social Union, conceived the idea of
holding these meetings, persuaded the Baptist Social
Union to undertake the enterprise, and from the
first has been the Director and Chairman.

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-Although carried on under r eligious auspices, the
Ford Hall Forum platform is kept free from all
religious, class and race prejudice. For eight years
the meetings were supported entirely by the Ford
funds. Now the expenses are met by the volunta_y
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gifts from interested friends, including many individual members of the Boston Baptist Social
Union, that organization continuing to grant the
forum the free use of the halls in the Ford Building.

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There are many young, small .neighborhood forums where
nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited to printing the program and paying the. janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet these small bills. On the ot_ er hand, there are well
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FORD HALL FORUM PROGRAMS

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1908-FIRST SEASON

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Miss MARY CAROLINE CRAWFORD, widely-known author and expert puhlicity representative for social,
civic and religious organizations, for thirteen years
gave her talent and energy to the executive management of the Ford Hall Forum. Miss ALICE H.
SAMSON, who has been as~ciated with Mr. Coleman
in the forum work from the beginning, has succeeded Miss Crawford as Executive Secretary.

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The following Ford Hall programs, presented in
chronologica.l order, testify as to · the wide range of
public interest included in the topics and also to the
great diversity of speakers enlisted.

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Feb.23-HENRY ABRAHAllIS, EDWIN D. l\IEAD, C. C.
BARRY, ROBERT A. WOODS.
(Opening
night. )
Mar. 1-Prof. CIJARL'ES SPRAGUE SllllTH, "The Brotherhood of ].:tan. "
8-Rnbbi SAMUEL SCHULl\IA..~, D.D., ''What the
.Jew Has· Done for the . W.orld and What the
World Has Done to the Jew.••
" 16-Rev. LEIGHTON WILLXAllIS, D.D., "The Democratic Gospel."
" 22-Rev. THOl\IAS R. SLICER, · D.D., "Three Ways
of Doing Good."
" 29-Prof. THOl\lAS C. HALL, D.D., "The Relation of.
Modern Christian Lite to the Social Problem."

1908-9:.::.SECOND SEASON

- ftn1 imer group called the ·Ford Hall Folks, comprising over four hundred paid annual members, is
the back-bone of this forum. Although . as variegated as the colors of the rainbow in its personnel,
the closest fellowship is enjoyed and the utmost
harmony prevails alike in social gatherings and in
the business meetings.

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Nov. 1-Prof. THOl\IAS 1..-XXON CARVER, LL.D., "A
Man and His Vote. "
8-l\Iiss ELIZABETH S. COLTON, "The People and
Problems of India."
" 15-Prof. WILLIAllI SALTER, "Tolstoi's Story ot 'A
Soul'S' Resurrection.' "
" 22-Rev. O. P. GIFFORD, D.D., Rev. PHILO W,
SPRAGUE, Rev. GEORGE WILLIS COOKE,
Rev. DANIEL EVANS, D.D. Symposium: "Socialism as I See It.,,
" 29-Prof. WALTER RAUSCHE:NBUSCH, D.D., "Are
Our National Standards Ethical?"
Dec. 6-Prof. BORDEN PARliER BOWNE, "Lite-And a
Good Life."
" 13-Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE, Ph.D., "The Tyranny
of Majorities."
" 20-LOUIS D. BRANDEIS, "The Ethics of Savings
Bank Insurance." ·
" 27-Rev. ALBERT PARKER FITCH, D.D., "Christ•
mas as a Social Institution."
.Jan. 3-LINCOLN STEFFENS, "Other People's Graft."
" 10-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, "The State and
Morality."
" 17-liEIR HARDIE, l\I.P., "Reforms Accomplished
by the British Labor Party."
" 24-Rev. CHARLES STELZLE, "Why the Church
C:tnnot Accept Socialism.''

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There are many young, small .ne1ghbornood lorums where
nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited to printing the program and paying the .janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet these small bills. On the ot_ er hand, there are well
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Jan. 30-Prof. WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, D.D., "The
Transition from the Present to a Co-operative
Order of Society."

Jan. 31-JAl\lES O. FAG.-L",, "The Man, the Accident, and
the Railroad."

Feb. 7-Prof. S. L. JOSID, "The Awakening of the Orient
and What It Means to the Occident."
" 14-W. N. HARTSHORN, "The Life of Daniel Sharp
Ford."

Col. EDWARD A,1,.'DERSON, "The Man and the
States'Illan.''

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21-Mrs. FLORENCE KELLEY, "New England's
Lost Leadership in Child Labor Legislation."
28-Rabbi Sru"\CUEL SCHlJLlllAN, D .D., "Things That

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Separate i:ren and Things that Unite Them."

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Mar. 7-Prof. CHARLES SPRAGUE Sl\lITH, "Working
with the People."

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Feb. 6-Dean -$HAILER l\lATHEWS, D.D., ''Can

M:a.rx."

1910-11-FOURTH SEASON
Anywhere ?"

l\lARION CRAIG . WENTWORTH,

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"Votes

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for Women."

Social Force."

11-GEORGE W. COLK\IAN, "The. Religion of the

Nov. 6-Re..-. ARTHlJR H. Si\OTH, D.D., ''When East

Crowd."

l\ieets· West."

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Business.''

14-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, " The Fellowship of
the Common Life."
21-Rev. JOHN HAYNES HOLMES, "The Moral Un-

Significance o! Secular Vocations."

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28-Dr. ALEXANDER IBVINE, "The Church and
the Workingman."
Dec. 5-Prof. WILLIAlll SALTER. "Bernard Shaw as a

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"When Is
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"Religion of the

19-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN,
Common Life."
26-Rev. O. P. GIFFORD, D.D.; "Holidays and Holy
Days."
Jan. 2-Prof. EDWARD A. ROSS, LL.D., " Commercialism."

9-Rt. Rev. WILLIAlll LAWRENCE, S.T.D., LL.D.,
"Has the Church Failed ?"
16-HENRY STERLING, "The Cas·e for the Workingman. ''

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23-Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE, Ph.D., "Reforms and

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18-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, "Man and Woman."
25-Rev. O. P. GIFFORD, D.D., "The Birth of the
Social Idea."

HOPKINS DENISON,

Marriage a Success ?"

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Social Critic."

12-Rev. JOHN

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11-Rev. L'l'.l\lAN ABBOTT, D.D., "Why I Believe in

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Jan. 1-Rev. SAl\lUEL ZANE BATTEN, D.D., "The l\1an
at the Bottom."
8-Rt. Rev. WILLIAlll LAWRENCE, S.T.D., LL.D.,
"What Religion Can Do for a Man.''
" 15-Rt. Rev. CHARLES D. WILLIAl\IS, D.D., LL.D.,
"Wealth-Productive, Predatory, and Para-

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22-Pres. W. H. P. FAUNCE, D .D ., LL.D., "Education without Schools."

"

29-Rev. HERBERT S . . BIGELOW, "Stealing as a
Fine Art.''
Feb. 5-Rev. THOl\lAS I. GASSON, S.J., "The Dangers

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of Socialism."

Reformers."

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rest of Our Time."

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4-ALFRED SUDEKUi\l, Ph.D., "The Social Move-

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Nov. ·7-FREDERICK VAN EEDEN, l\t.D., "Religion and

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13-Rev. GEORGE R. LUNN, D.D., "What Happened in Schenectady.''
20-Prof. WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH. D.D., "The
Church and the Social Awakening.''
27-Rev. ALFRED W . WISHART, "The Spiritual

Dec.

1909-10-THIRD SEASON
"

23-Dr. ALEXAJ-.'DER IRVINE, "The Church and
the Democratic Ideal.''
30-ALFRED H. BRO,VN, "The Modern Drama as a

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Modern 1V1an be Religious?"

13-JONATHA,.", THAYER LINCOLN, "The Case for
the Employer."
" 20-JOSEPH FELS, " The English Budget and What
It l\Ieans."
·
" 27-Rabbi SAl\lUEL SCHULl\lAN, D.D., "The Hebrew
Prophets: The Creators of Modern Religion. "
Mar. 6-Prof. EDWARD A. STEINER, "The Search for
Brotherhood."
" 13-JOHN SPARGO, "The Life and Work of Karl

Portion."

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Oct. 16-HE~"RY GEORGE, Jr., "Has the Single Tax Got

28-J. ADA.;}1$ PUFFER, "The Boy and the Gang."
Apr. 4-FRANKLIN H. WENTWORTH, "The Woman's

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14-HORACE FLETCHER, "Feeding for E!'!iciency."
21-JOHN Z. WHITE, "Unemployment: Its Cause
and Cure."

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the casual · contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meei' these small bills. On the other ha~d, there are well
established community forums, exerting an influence for

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Feb. 12-W. E. BURGll.ARDT DU BOIS, Ph.D., "The
·
World Problem of the Color · Line."
" 19-DE WITT G. WILCOX, M.D., "Health, Hygiene,
and Happiness."
" 26-lllEYER BLOOMFIELD, Mrs. SUSA.--, W. FITZ
GERALD, EDWIN D. l\IE.ll>, JA..l'1ES P.
l\llTh'ROE, l\IORRISON I. SWIFT. Symposium:
"What These Meetings Have Done tor Boston."
Mar. 5-Rev. JAlllES A. FRA...--.CIS, D.D., "The Get-Togethe:r Basis in Religion.'
" 12-J. W. BE..--.GOUGH, "The Sacredness ot Property."
" 19-1\Irs. ELLE..--, H. RICHARDS, "Does the Increased Cost ot Living Mark a Social Advance?n
'' 26-l\lrs. HELE..--, L. GRE~FELL, "What Women
Have Done in Colorado with the Vote."
Apr. 2-Rnbbi MAURICE H. HARRIS, Ph.D., "The Bible
as Literature."
9-NOIDIA..--r HAPGOOD, "The Social Function ot
the Press."

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1911-12-FIFTH SEASON

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Oct. 15-Dean GEORGE HO})GES, D.D., LL.D., "What Is
the Matter with the Church."
MORRISON I. SWIFT, "What is the Matter with
the People Outside the Church?"
" 22-Mrs. l\IAUD WOOD PARK; "Woman the World
Around.''
29-ALBERT E. "WINSHIP, LL.D., "Eliminating the
Hoodlum Element Among Boys."
Nov. 5-FREDERIC C. HOWE, Ph.D., "How to Make
Boston Efficient, Comfortable and Beautiful."
12-EDWIN D. l\IEAD, "The United States as a
World Power."
·
" 19-Rev. R. J. CA.c'1PBELL, D.D., "Social and Economic Conditions in England."
26-Pres. DAVID STARR JORDAN; LL.D., NThe
Case Against War."
Dec. 3-Pres. SAl\IUEL C. l\IITCHELL, LL.D., "Racial
Adjustment."
10-Rt. Rev. CHARLES D. WILLIAMS, D .D·., LL.D.,
"The Church and Social Justice."
17-Pres. W. H. P. FAUNCE, D.D., LL.D., "The Man
and the Machine."
24-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLDi, "The Nation's Human Resources."
. 31-Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE, Ph.D., , "Wanted: A
Moral Renaissance."
Jan. 7-NORl\IAN HAPGOOD, ''The Significance of Insurgency.''

Jan.

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H-1\(rs. GLENDOWER EVANS, illiss LEONORA
O'REILLY, "The Working Woman and the
State. "
·
21-WILLIAlll T. ELLIS, LL.D., "America's Influence Upon the Older Nations. "
28-Prof. JA.c'1ES HERVEY HYSLOP, LL.D,, "Science and Immortality."

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Feb. 4-Rev. JOHN A. RY&--,, D.D., "The Living Wage."
" 11-H.ARRY PHILLIJ?S, "The Outlook tor Temperance."
" 18-RAY STANNARD BA.KER, "The Progressive
Spirit in Politics."
" 25-Dr. CHARLES FLEISCHER, "Getting to be
Human!'
Mar. 3-Rev. JAMES H. FRANr..LIN, D.D., "The Message of Christianity to Socialists."
" i0-Rnbbi SAMUEL SCHULi\LlN, D.D., "The Claim
of the Decalogue on the ~Iodern Man."
" 17-JAllffiS SCHEIDffiRHORN, "The Ethics ot a
Newspaper :\Ian. "
" 24-1\Irs. El\llLY )IOXTAGUE BISHOP, "Scenes from
the Senate."
" 31-STA."'-TON COIT, Ph.D., "Am I ll!y Brother's
Keeper?"
Apr. 7-JOHN GR.AHA)! BROOKS, "The New Schism In
Socialism.''
14-Dean SHAILER MATHEWS, D.D., "Evolution
and Religion." ,

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1912-13-SIXTH SEASON

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Oct. 13-Prof. THOMAS C. RALL, D.D., "The Morals ot
Anarchy and Socialism."
" 20-Rabl>i 1\1.AURICE H. HARRIS. Ph.D., "The Function of the Jew in the World's Economy."
" 27-Prof.
WALTER
RAUSCHENBUSCH,
D.D.,
"Christianity and Socialism:
Their Larger
Parallels."
Nov. 3-.ALFRED W. l\IC CANN, "How Shall the People
Get Pure Food ?"
" 10-Prof. HEXRY C. VEDDER, D.D., "Concerning
Law and Order."
" 17-CLIFFORD G. ROE, "The Un-Social Evil."
" 24-Judge BEN B. LINDSEY, "Giving the Boy a
Square Deal."
Dec. 1-Baroness YON SUTT:!'<"ER, "International Friendship Instead of War."
8-Rev. JO~ HAYNES HOL;lffiS, "The Moral Significance of the Ne,v Politics."
" 15-Ra.bbi STEPHE..--. S. WISE, Ph.D., " The Warfare
Against Poverty."
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15-Prof. HARRY F. ,vARD, "The Challenge of Socialish1 to Christianity."

22:.....Re..-. FRA.J.'°Ii: 0. HALL, D.D. , "The l\foral Law."
29--JOHN CO,TIER POWYS, "The Economic Aspects of Woman Suffrage."
Apr. 5-A. J. PHILPOTT. "The Press and Soci et ys••
GEORGE PERRY l\lORRIS, · "Some Ethical Aspects of Editorial Work. "
" 12-Prof. THOl\L~S C. HALL, D.D., "Religion and
So cial Revolution."
"
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19--JOHN GRAHAl\l BROOKS, "Before SociallsmWhat ?"
.
" 26-Prof. EARL BARNES, "The Family of the Future."
Nov. 2-l\liss l\IARY ANTIN, "The American Gospel Day
by Day."
9-GEORGE W. HOPKINS, "Advertising and Economics."
GEORGE B. GALLUP, "Advertis'in·g and Democracy."
WILLIAl\l SHAW, LL.D:, "Advertising and ReOct.

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and Weakness of Socialism."

1-HORACE J. BRD>GES, "The Gospel of Ellen
I~ey. "
8-Prof. EDWARD A. STEINER. "The International Mind and the Inter-racial Heart:•
" 15-Hl;GH CABOT, 1\1.D., "The Problems ot Sex
Education.
DE ,VITT G. 'WILCOX, l\I.D., "The Scourge of
Venereal Diseas-e. ,.
Rev. EDWARD CUi.\UII:-.GS, "The Responsihilities of Parenthood."
" 22-CHARLES BR~"'DO:-. BOOTH, "The Case for
the Prisoner."
!\far. 1-LESLIE '\TILLIS SPRAGUE, "Tolstoi, the I\Ian. "
8-lllrs. l\lARY CHURCH TERRELL, "Uncle Sam Feb.

1913-14-SEVENTH SEASON

1r'.ii\. .
•'

(Special program.)

Mar. 2-Dr. J. A. l\lACDONALD, "War and the Human
Breed . "
9-Prof. EARL BA~'ES, "A Successful Failure: A
Study of Robert Owen."
" 16-Rev. LEYI 1\1. POWERS, D.D., "Some Suggestions from Germany as to Necessary Steps in
Social Legislation."
·
" 23-Rev. NICHOLAS YA.--, DER PYL, "Less•ons trom
Recent Industrial Outbreaks."
30--JOHN COWPER PO,VYS, "The Social Message
of Modern English Writers."
Apr. 6-Prof. COLD. A . SCOTT, Ph.D., l\liss l\IARY
l\lULRY, l\liss LOTTA C. CLARK, "Training
for Leadership."
" 13-Rev. O. P. GIFFORD, D.D., "The Social V:alue
of Free Speech."

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~::

23-Birthday Night.

16-Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE, Ph.D., ''What's
Wrong with the Jew?"
" 23-Rev. PAUL l\lOORE STRAYER. D.D., "How to
Socialize a Competitive ,vorld."
" 30-PETER CLARK l\lACFARL~'E, "The Courage
to Attack. "
Dec. 7-NOR:\IA.J.--, HAPGOOD, "The Modern Drama as a
Social Force. "
" 14-Miss l\IARY P. FOLLETT, "The Social Centre
and the Democratic Ideal.."
JOHN LOYEJOY ELLIOTT, Ph.D., "The Social
Centre and Direct Action."
" 21-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, ''Walt Whitman:
Prophet and Democrat.••
" 28-Re..-. ALLJ:-X K. FOSTER, "Can Religion Be
1\fade Scientific?"
J'an. 4-Bishop John W. HAi.\llLTON, D.D., ''Is It Fair?"
" 11-Miss l\lARGARET SLATTERY, "A Forward
Step Which Has· Been Successfully Taken in
Fitc.hburg."
lllrs. SUSAN W. FITZ GERALD, "A Fundamental Difficulty in the Way of Improving Boston's
Schools."
" 18-Rt. Re..-. CHARLES D. '\TILLLUIS, D.D., LL.D.,
"Why I·Work for the Single Tax."
" 25-Prof. ALBIO::-" ,v. SMALL, LL.D., "The Strength
Nov.

Dec." 22-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, "How Much of .the
New Order is _ the Present?"
In
.
29-Prof. . CHARLES PROSPERO FAGNANI, D.D.,
"God and Democracy."
J'an. ?-Mrs. ANNA GARLIN SPENCER, "Are the Public Schools Democratic?"
Miss FRANCES G. CURTIS and ISAAC HARRIS,
~•The Local Situation."
" 12-Prof. VIDA D. SCUDDER, "The Moral Asset of
the Class Struggle."
·
" 19-Yru~I KIN, 1\1.D., "The Awakening of China. "
" 26--JOSEPH FELS, "J'ust Taxation the Hope ot the
World."
Feb. 2-Rev. JOHN A. RYAN, D.D., "The Right and
· Wrong of the Labor Union."
9-EDWARD A. FILENE, "The Growing Pains ct
Democracy."
16-STEWART Al'\"'DERSON, "As an Immigrant Sees

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nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited t~ printing the program and paying the. janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at the meetings suffice to
meei' these small bills. On the other hand, there are well
~stablished co=unity forums, exerting an influence for

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Apr. 19-Prof. WALTER R..\USCHENBUSCH, D.D., "Is
the Woman -·Movement Going to Save Society?"



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Apr. 11-Prot. HARRY F. WARD,- "What Constitutes a
Good American ?
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1915-16-NINTH SEASON

1914-15-EIGHTH SEASON

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Oct. 18-WILLIAlll ENGLISH WALLL.",G, "The Message
o! Syndicalism."
" 25-Jll.iss l\IARY A.c"\TIN, "God and His World."
Nov. 1-Prof. EARL ' BARNES, "What Work Should Give
Us Besides Bread."
8-Miss JIIARGARET SLATTERY, "Energy-Undirected and Misdirected."
lS~OHN LOVEJOY ELLIOTT, Ph.D., "The Child
and the City."
" 22-LESLIE WILLIS SPRAGUE, "Will Demo"racy
Endure?''
" 29-Mrs. MAUD BALLD!GTON BOOTH, "After
Prison-What?"
Dec. 6-STANTON COIT, Ph.D., "Is Civilization a
Disease?''
" 13-NOltl\IAN HAPGOOD, "The Military Ideal."
" 20-BOUCK WHITE. "If Christ Were to Come on
Christmas Day."
" 27-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, · "Militancy and
Morals!'
Jan. 3-Rev. GEORGE A. GORDON, D.D., "A Message
for the New Year."
" 10-Uabbi HARRY LEVI, "The New Morality."
17-Rev. JOHN HAYNES HOLMES, "From .A.bS'olute
Monarchy to Pure Democracy in Industry...
" 24-Rev. JOH..", ,v. ROSS, "The Credit Side.''
" 31-Prof. WALTER RAUSCHE::,(BUSCH, D.D., "The
Economic Basis o! Democracy."
Feb. 7-Rev. JOHN A. RYA...-,.,, D.D., "~Iinimum Wage
Laws and Their Operation in America.."
" 14-LOUIS ,vALLIS, "The Newer Issues in Democracy."
21-S. K. RATCLIFFE, "Classes and Masses in ·the
England or Today.''
28-PETER WITT, "A City Finding Itself."
Mar. 7-Rabbi SA..i.1IUEL SCHlJLllA...",, D.D., "What Constitutes a Good Jew']"
" 14~OHN SPARGO, "Socialism and the War."
" 21-Fran ROSIKA SCHWL\L'\IER, "Women and
War.''
28-Prof. FRA...-...K O'HARA, " What Irish Immigra'tion Has Done for America."
Apr. 4-Prof. CHARLES PROSPERO FAGN.U.'I, D.D.,
"The War, the World, and the Kingdom of
God."

Oct. 17-LOUIS D. BRANDEIS, "Zionism and the Aims ot
Jewish Democracy."
" 24-Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE, Ph.D., "Is War Cureless ?"
" 31--Hon. FRANCIS :NEILSON, . l\I.P., "Sign-Posts ot
Democracy."
Nov. 7-Rev. SA..i.1IUEL ZA..i.-...E BATTEN, D.D., "Is God or
Man to Blame']"
" 14-MORRIS HILLQUIT, "Some current Economic
and Political Problems• "
.
·
" 21-LOUIS F. POST, "Government Intervention In
Idleness."
" 2S-JAl\lES P. l\IAGE.-...XS, "Some Lessons Learned
from the Law.''
Dec. 5-HENRY TUR::,(ER BAILEY, " Socializing the
Public Schools."
" 12-NOIUIAN JLU>GOOD, "ShaII Birth Control Be
Discussed?"
" 19-Prot. EDWARD A. STEU.ER, "Conservation
Versus Immigration:•
" 26-Prof. CJL-lRLES ZUEBL~. "The United States:
Pacemaker or Peacemaker?"
Jan. 2-Rabbi l\IAURICE H. HARRIS, Ph.D., "America's
Exposition and Europe's War : A Contrast!'
9-HUTCHINS HAPGOOD, ''.What Is ·an Anarchist?"
16-Rev. J. HOWARD l\lELISH, "Humanity First."
" 23-Hon. GEORGE L. RECORD, "Tile High Cost ot
Living: Its CauS'e and Remedy. "
" 30-S. K. RATCLIFFE, "The War and the Outlook
for Democracy."
F eb. 6-WOODS HUTCHINSON, l\LD., "The Medical
Treatment of Crime."
" 13-Prof. SCOTT :l'<"EARING, •·working and Owning
for a Living."
" 20-ALFRED ,v. l\IARTL..._, "What Are We Here
For?"
27-Prot. BR~O ROSELLI, "Italian Immigration
After the War."
l\Iar. 5-Rev. WILLIAM HAlli.'\.LL.", VA.'< ALLEN, S.T.D.,
"The Discipline of Struggle.''
·
·
12-~"DRE TRIDON, "An Inside View of Mexico."
19-Prof. ARTHUR HOL:.u:ES, "What ·of the Backward Child?'"
" 26-l\Irs. CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMA.,.'<, "What
Feminism Is-and Isn't."

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Apr.

2-Rev. HENRY F. COPE, D.D., "The Pam!ly and
the l\:Iorar Crisis."
9-Rev. ABRAHAM M. RIHBA..'<Y, "Some Phases
of Democracy.1"

1916-17~TENTH SEASON
Nov. 5-Rev. JOHN HAYNES ·- HOLl\lES, "The International l\1ind."
" 12-JAl\IES J. WALSH, l\I.D., "The Happiest Era in
Human History. "
·
" 19-Ilev. 'VILLL-1111 NORllL<\N GUTHRIE, "The
Problem of a Ne,v Am-erican Patriotism."
" 26-ROGER W. BABSON, "Labor's Only Hope."

Dec. 3-Rev. EDWARD F. SA1'"1>ERSO~, "Something to
·
Tie to. "
" ,10-RICHARD A. FEISS, "Personal Relationship In

"
"

Business Administration.''
17-llliss r..ATE BARNARD, "Woman and Destiny."

24-I'rof. CHARLES ZUEBLIX, "An American Sir
Galahad."
31-l\Iiss l\IARGARET SLATTERY, "Making a Liv"
ing and a Life."
.J:tn. 7-Hon. GEORGE R. LUNN, "The Progress of
"

Democracy."
14-Prof. HliGH BLACK, D.D., "The Meaning of
Life."
" 21-l\Irs. CHARLOTTE PERKL",S GILl\IAN, "Our
·Brains and What Ails Them." ·
" 28-TVY L. LEE, "What Is to Become of Our Ra!lroads ?" _
Feb: 4-Rev. JOHN A. RYAN, D.D., "Fallacies of the
Feminist l\1ovement."
" 11-ED,VIN l\IARKHAllI, "The Social Vision at
Jesus."
" 18-RICHARD W. HALE, "'The Truth . About Property: Who Uses It?"
·• 25-\l~NTER RUSSELL, '"Civic Strife or Co-opera-_
tion?"
M:tr. 4-GERALD STANLEY LEE, "The President and
the Fate of the World: · An Inauguration Day G~eeting from ~ord Hall to the White House."
11-Rabbi H. W. ETTELSON, "From Persecution
Through Toleration to Brotherhood."
•· 18-GEORGE W. NASl\IYTH, Ph.D., "Nietzsche and
the European War."
"

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There are many young, small .neighborhood forums where
nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited t~ printing the program and paying the janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet these small bills. On the other hand, there are well
~stablished community forums, exerting an influence for

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1917-18-ELEVENTH SEASON
Oct. 28-SHERJIIAN L. ,VHIPPLE and Hon. HERBERT
PARiiER, ''Initiative and Referendum. ' '
1

Nov. 4-HARYEY W. WILEY, )I.D., "Whiskey and Tobacco."
" 11-1\Iiss HELEN LOUISE JOHNSON, "What Thrift
l\1:eans."
,. 18-S. P. CHUAN, "China and America"
" 25-Prof. HENRYY R. PATTENGILL, "Made In
.America "
Dec. 2-Rev. HA~OLD MARSHALL, D.D., "Self-Sacrifice
vs. Self-Preservation."
9-1\Irs. BERTH.-1. KUNZ B.U-U:R, Reading or
Bjorns-en's Play, .. Beyond Human l\.Iight."
16-Prof. HARRY El\lERSON FOSDICK, D.D., "A
Religion for War Time."
" 23-JA)lES J. W.llSH, lU.D., "'What is Progress?"
" 30-Prof. CIL;\.RLES ZUEBLIN, ·"Federalism and
World Organization.••
Jan. 6-Rev. FRED P. HAGGARD, D.D., "The New
Spirit in Russia."
" 13-P. l,'. SULLIY•.\.;.-..,, "What the Bay State Railway
Has to Say for Itself...
·
" 20-FELIX SlIAY, "Why Socialistic Communities
Always· Fail as Such."
" 27-1\IOORFIELD STOREY, "What Law Is and
'Why We Need It."
Feb. 3-B. R. BAIDIGARDT, "The Romance a! Human
. Progress ...
10-Lieut. BRUNO ROSELLI, "Some Lessons Learned
at the Italian Front."
''American
" 17-1\Iiss
l\IARGARET
SLATTERY,
Youth and the •New Democracy.".

1918-19-TWELFTH SEASON

1919-20-THIRTEENTH SEASON

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Oct. 19-Prof. BRUNO ROSELLI, "The Present Situation
·
in Italy."

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Oct. 20-ARTHUR GLEASON, "What America Can Learn
from the British Labor Party's Program."
27-l\Iiss l\IARY YAN KLEECK, "Women and War
Work."
Nov. 3-GEORGE W. NAS)IYTH, Ph.D., ."The Growing
Power of the ·world's Labor Forces."
10-ALBERT RHYS WILLIAl\IS, "The Bol~heviks
and the Labor Problem."
17-NORZILL." THOMAS, "What Shall We Do with
Victory?"
24-PHILIP WHITWELL WILSON, "Britain's Problems, Including !~eland and India."
Dec. 1-JOHN COWPER PO,VYS, "The Effect _ of the
War on the Democratic Ideal."

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nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited t~ printing the program and paying the janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meec' these small hills. On 6e other hand, there are well
established community forums, exerting an influence for

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Oct. 26-Prof. EARL BAR::-."ES, "Shall the State Control
Our Ideas?"
1
Nov. 2-Rev. CHARLES A. EATON, D.D., "New Factors
in Business."
9-Rev. JOHN HOWARD MELISH, "New Morals
for Old Sins."
" 16-Dean CHARLES R. BRO"IVN, D.D., "Why I Am
Not a Socialist."
" 23-Prof. HARRY F. WARD, "The New Motive In
Industry."
·
" 30-EVERETT DEAN l\lARTIN, "A Twentieth Century View of Evolution. "
Dec. 7-Judg-e A. C. BACKUS, "What Society Owes the ,
Erring."
" 14-JOHN A. FITCH, "If Not Strikes-What?"
" 21-1\lrs. l\lARGARET DELA1''D, "The Dull Job .."
" 2S-l\Iiss JEA1'~"ETTE ILL"i'KIN, ''What the NonPartisan League Has Meant to American
Politics."
Jan. 4-JOSEPH Elli"i'EST lllcAFEE, "Is Religion Failing
in America?"
·
" 11-Rev. JOHN HAYl<"ES HOLllIBS, ''Whence, Why,
Whither: A Survey of the Times."
" 18-ALGERNON S. CRAPSEY, S.T.D., ''The Ethics
of .Jesus as a Basis of the New Social Order."
" 25-EDllllTh'D VANCE COOKE, "The Religion ot
Democracy."
Feb. 1-Rt. Rev. CHARLES D. WILLIAMS, D.D., L.L.D.,
"The Challenge of the Times."
8-GEORGE CREEL, "The Irish Question trom the
American View-Point."
" 15-Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE, Ph.D., "How to ·
Americanize and How Not to Americanize."
'" 22-Motion Picture Forum: "The Miracle Man. "
" 29-llliss l\lARGARET SLATTERY, "I Go to WarAfterwards."
Mar. 7-Rabbi JUDAH L. l\IAG:NES, Ph.D., "The Old
America and the New."
" 14-HARLAN EUGE!>"E BEAD, "Shall Inherita.noes
be Abolished?"
" 21-1\IORRISO:K I. SWIFT and ROGER W. BABSON, "Should Socialism be Suppressed?"
" 28-Prof. EDWARD A. STEINER, "The New World:
Who Wants It and How to Get It."

1920-21-FOURTEENTH SEASON
Oct. 17-Presidential Night. RICHARD K.ITCHELT, lllrs.
SUSAN W. FITZ GERALD and GEORGE E.
ROE,VER, Jr., "How I Shall Vote and Why,"
" 24-Prof. HENRY W. L. DA.NA, "Labor Conditions
in England, France and Germany."

~-:,. 1

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Oct. 31-Prof. HARRY F. WA.RD, "Civil Liberty in the
United States."
Nov. 7-TOYOKICHI IYENAGA, Ph.D., "Is There a Yellow Peril?"
14-PHILIP. CA.BOT; - The Spirit of the Employer."
"
"WHITI.L"i'G ,VILLIAllIS, "The Mind of the
Worker."
·
" 21-NORlllAN HAPGOOD, "The Next Administration."
·
" 28-l\Irs. l\lARIETTA L. JOHNSON, "Education for
the New Age."
Dec . . 5-Bisltop FRA.......,CIS J. l\IC CO~'ELL, "The
Church and I..a.bor."
" 12-·w. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, Ph.D., "The
Future of the Darker Races."
" 19-Rev. JOHN HATh"ES HOLMES, "What Shall We
Think of the Bolsheviki ?"
" 26-Prof. CHARLES ZUEBLIN, "Has America Any
Ideals•?"
Jan. 2-ARTHUR D. REES, "Financial Imperialism and
the Way Out."
9-Prof. NATHANIEL SCHl\lIDT, "The Goal ot
Civilization."
" 16-,VALTER W. LIGGETT, "The Future of the
American . Press."
·
" 23-l\lrs. BEA.TRICE FORBES ROBERTSON-HALE,
"The Women of the Future."
" 30-Prof. DAVID D. VAUGHAN, "The World Sweep
of Democracy."
Feb. 6-EVERETT DEAN l\IARTIN, "The Psychology of
the Crowd Mind."
" 13-Uev. 'WILLARD SCOTT, D.D., ' "The Coming New
World."
20-l\Irs. LUCIA A.lllES l\lEAD, "The New Education."
Prof. BRUNO ROSELLl, "The Industrial Revolution in Italy, "
27-SCOTT NEARING, Ph.D., "Leadership and Democracy."
Mar. 6-GEORGE O'DELL, "Marriage and the Home."
" 13-EDWIN l\IARKHAL'1, "How to Think of the
Spiritual World."
20-LOUIS F. POST, "Deportations."
27-HERBERT ADA.l\lS GIBBONS, Ph.D., ''What
About Redeeming Our International Pledges·?"
Apr. 3-EDWARD HOWARD GRIGGS, L.H.D., "The
Future of Democracy.''

I i •f,::;i
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1921-22-FIFTEENTH SEASON

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Oct. 16-Dr. ALEXA..."i'DER IRVTh"E, ''What"s Wrong with
the World?"

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There are many young, small .neighborhood forums where
nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited to printing the program and paying the janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet these small bills. On the ot_ er hand, there are well
h
~tablii hed community forums, exerting an influence for

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A~
FE\: w FORUM TESTIMONIES

Oct. 23-,VALTEJ{ N . POLAl{OV, "Korsybski' s New Law
of Life."
" 30-:.\IOISSAYE J. OLGIN, Ph.D., "The Balance
Sheet of the Russian Revolution-What the
Revolution Did and What It Failed to Accomplish."
Nov. 6-TARAKNATH DAS, "l\Iahatm!\ l\I. K. Gandhi
and the Progress o! the Non-Violent Revolutionary l\<Iovement in India ...
" 13-Rev- G. S. LACKLA.t."1>, Ph.D., "Where the
Church :.\let Labor."
" 20-ROGER ,v. BABSON, "The Business Man's Attitud'? Toward Education. "
-.,. 27-Col. RAY..\IOND ROBINS, ''World Disarmament
or World Revolution-Which?"
Dec. 4-Dr. TEIIl"'I HSIEH, "What China Means to the
United States. "
" 11-Rev. JOH.--. HA~ES HOLlIES, "Our Growing
Distrust of Democracy : Is It Justified."
" 18-CHARLES KROLL, " From Socialism to Business
-and the Consequences.·•
" 25-CHARLES ZUEBLIN, "Education for Freedom."
Jan. 1-HOi\IER B. HULBERT, F.R.G.S., "A Yank in
·the Far East. "
8-WHITING ,VILLLUIS, "Bayonets, Bols·hevism
and My Buddies."
" 15-i\Iiss i\lARGARET SLATTERY, "The Power of
Prejudice."
·
" 22-EVERETT DEAN MARTIN, "The Idolatry o!
Public Opinion." ·
" 29--GLE~'N E. PLUi\IB, "Industrial Democracy."
Feb. 5-Rnbbi LOUIS ,voLSEY, "The Jewishness o!
J es"Us."
12-·wILLL\.ill PICKENS, LL.D., "A Common Plat•
form for White and Black."
19-Rev. JOHN A. RYA.....""'i, D.D., "Is Labor Gaining
or Losing?"
26-HELEN DAVENPORT GIBBONS (Mrs. Herbert
Adams Gibbons), "'Understanding the French
Peopl e.''
·
l\far. 5-Prof. DALLAS · LORE SHARP, "Education for
Demo cracy. "
12-1VILLIAM M. LEISERSON, Ph.D., "ls Industrial
Democracy a Dream ?"
10--GEORGE CREEL, "The Future of Progressivism. ''
" 26-EDWARD HOWARD GRIGGS, L.H.D,, "The
Educa tion of American Citizenship."
Apr. 2-Rev, ALBERT C. DIEFFE~"BaCH, D.D., and
Rev. ,v. HARRY FREDA, "The Upheaval in
Protestantism.' '

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know that I admire very greatly that
ente:Jllinse (the Ford Hall Forum) and _wish it ail
poss1j ble success. You have steered 1t through _
trol
led waters for ·many years and have brought it
not mto port, but out on the very high seas, where
its
voyage encourages many other vessels on the
sam ,e sea." -PRES. W. H. P. FAUNCE, D.D., LL.D.

... _:-1·

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"F , ' Hall is one of the few audiences that give
rd
th · lecturer uncommon gratification."
-MOISSAYE J. OLGIN, PH.D.
believe in the Forum and think it has tremendous
P'.f>ssibilities in our country in the general education
o~ the masses on matters of high importance to both
hurch and State." -REv. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D.

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I wish there was anything in the world I could do
o help along the Open Forum movement in this
ountry. I feel that it is one of the most important
xpressions of human hope and courage which we
. can put up against the Bolshevist movement, which
------P means the destruction of civilization."
-MARGARET DELAND
"The Ford Hall group has become a permanent· body
of public influence, the work of which reaches far
beyond the borders of Boston."
·
-REv. JoHN HAYNES HoLMES

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"From the days when we ran the FREE FLOOR at
old Chicago Commons, over twenty years ago, until
this hour, I have believed in the service in ·com•
munity fellows3ip and social education of such
meetings as those held by the OPEN FORUMS."
'
-COL. RAYMOND ROBINS

"
"

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"I am glad to hear of the success of the forum
movement during the past year, both at Ford Hall
and throughout the country. I think there is nothing more vital to the creation_ of a right and free
public opinion than the forum movement, and I think
there is nothing so essential to the United States
today as the formation of intelligent public opinion."
-RT. REV. CHARLES D. WILLIAMS, D.D., LL.D.

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There are many young, small .neighborhood foru~s ~here
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ited to printing the program and paying the janitor, and
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meet these small bills. On the ot_ er hand, there are well
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Oct. 23-WALTER N. POI
of Life."

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30-i\IOISSAYE J.

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Sheet of the I
Revolution Did
complish.'•

Nov. 6-TARAliNATH Di
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and the Progre, .
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20-ROGER W. BAB:

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PLATFORM OF PRINCIPLi · .-, " '.· ;,.-~~ ..-.,.,,/ _

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titud" Toward E

The0penForum3lanJ3for:

or World Revolu
Dec.

4-Dr. TEIIYI HSIB

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11-Rev. JOir.-1 HAY
D istrust of Dem,
18-CHARLES liROLJ

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United States.,.

-and the Conse ·

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22-E'"\,'ERETT DEA::,i

Prejudice ...

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Feb.

"

form for White
19-Rev. JOHN A. R
or Losing! "

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26-HELEN DAVENI'
. Adams Gibbons )
P eople."

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Mar. 5-Prof. DALLAS L ·
D emocracy."
" 12-WILLIAi\I i\I. LEl
Demo cracy a Dr(

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19-GEORGE CREEL
ism. "
26-EDWARD HOW,

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agement from responsibm / ·
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all the people rn the mteres1_ :. ·;'..:.. 7-: , •. -~ .-;'., . _':'. .~. · ·:_ ;;~::--:<~I_"; {:1)--'t?: ,liJ/ ·i-J•-'~
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Public Opinion."

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The comple_~e devel~pment
democracy1n-Amenca.
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A common meeting ground f,1 ·.
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·the Far East."
8-WHITING WILL
and My Buddies

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25-CHARLES ZUEBl
1-HOi\IER B. KOL

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2-Rev. ALBERT C
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MILIJKl:D C. SMITH, Executive Secretary
There are _111any yuwig.,

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.uc:1t,1Wuruuuu 1urums wnere

nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited t~ printing the program and paying the janitor, anu
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet· these small bills. On the other hand, there are well
establiihed community forums, exerting an influence for

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LITTLE BUILDING. 80 Boylston Street
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS



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At the beginning of any given meeting the chairman himself must be ready. All preliminaries should be settled before the time of beginning, and there should be no appearance
of machinery on the platform itself, such as whispered conferences, etc.

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The · Forum Chairman .

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By HAROLD MARSHALL

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01igi11ator and flirector of tlze !'Yfelrose
Community .¥eetings.

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At least fifty per cent of the permanent success of any
forum is due to its chairman. After being for ten years the
chairman of a successful forum I am not required to prove it;
I admit it.

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It need not be pointed out that all this assumes that a
single individual is to preside continuously over a forum. A
poor permanent chairman is better than a constant succession
of good ones. For only by continuity can he and the audience
become mutually acquainted, and that acquaintance is primary and elemental to the good will and confidence which a
chairman must inspire.

"l.; ·,..
;: ·:
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Specifically, the chairman's duties for a given meeting
begin at the preceding meeting, when he must translate the
speaker-to-be into human terms, so that the audience will be
thinking about him during the week and unconsciously come
with a sense of acquaintance and an attitude of symr>athy.
Many things can be wisely and trutllfully said at the meeting
preceding the speaker's appearance that could not well be
said in his presence. A brief word at this time concerning
the timeliness of the topic an.d the general way of approach
may be desirable.

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The chairman must remember that the audience does not
come to see or hear him. He has a right to take whatever
time is necessary to properly present the speaker and the
subject. He has no ~ight to take any time for himself.
Whatever preliminaries, as to music, etc. there may be, together with the chairman's introduction, if all have been
p:·operly coordinated, should focus on the moment when the
chairman delivers the audience to the speaker.
Whatever the character of the address, the chairman
must maintain a constant appearance of alert and eager interest in what the speaker is saying. I believe the ·chairman,
by seeming listlessness and indifference, can almost hypnotize a large part of the audience into the same attitude.

The essential qualities are those required for leadership
anywhere. Quickness of apprehension, depth of comprehension, breadth of sympathy, and a sense of humor that can .
"rise triumphant over sin ,and death." The chairman must
remember that, in John Bunyan's graphic phrase, "he dwells
in the Interpreter's House." He must interpret the speaker
to the audience, the audience to the speaker, and the audienc~ to itself.

~~

The chairman must open the meeting exactly on the minute scheduled. It will be found after a short time, if this is
the rule, that the audience will prepare themselves instead of
1 having to be brought to order and attention by the chairman .
There is democratic psychology involved in this seemingly
_
insignificant detail.

He is also the official leader of the clacque. If he finds
the speak er a bit heavy, so that the audience is growing listless, he should watch for any excuse to start applause. The
mere sound of handclapping will not only be a stimulus to
the speaker, but will rouse the audience to attention.

.
i

When the speaker has finished, one of the crucial tests
and golden opportunities of the chairman arrives. If he is
able to synthesize in two or three ringing sentences the vital
message of the spealcer, he can do much to drive it home to
the audience. If there has been a jarring or contentious note
in the speaker's utterances, he may oftentimes smooth the
rough edge away by two or three happy phrases.
If there has been apparent antagonism between the
speaker and certain sections of the audience, it is for him to
frame an inclusive whole truth that shall include their antag.
onistic h~lf-truths.

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To most chairmen the question period is the most important part of the meeting: It is important, but in the aggregate
and in the long run no more so than the ones already suggested. It is, however, in the question period that the chair-

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There are many young, small .neighborhood forums ~here
nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are Jim•
ited to printing the program and paying the janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet _
these small bills. On the other hand, there are well
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man's real leadership or lack of it becomes apparent. If he
is a mere mechanical mouthpiece to repeat the words of the
questioner, he is something worse than sounding brass or a
tinkling cymbal. In many instances he will be rE:quired to
state intelligently a question which the questioner himself
only half understands. In others, to reduce to a succinct
phrase the involutions of a mind that refuses to function coherently. Still again, a smile and a happy turn of phrase will
be required to take the bitterness or animosity out of a question, burning with a sense of injustice or blatant with bigotry
and prejudice.

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SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
By GEORGE W. COLEMAN

He ought also to · be ready to meet the pauses that sometimes happen even in the best regulated forums, when nobody
is quite ready with a question, and to have framed in his own
mind certain questions worth being answered and which may
in turn get the discussion forward.

Founder and Director of Ford Hall ForumBoston , Mnss.

From this outline it will appear that the ideal chairman
is nor even a little lower than the angels. Perhaps he bears
an even closer r_ semblance to the quadruped that appears
e
in the old story of the farmer who went to the circus and saw
a giraffe for the first time. After scrutinizing the animal
from all possible viewpoints, he spat vigorously and remarked, "There ain't no such animal!"

-It would be difficult indeed to frame the duties of a
Forum Chairman more satisfactorily than Dr. Marshall has
done in very brief compass. Following such a compact presentation of the topic, however, there are bound to arise
many questions in the minds of those who are contemplating
the setting up of a forum. In the following paragraphs I will
attempt to answer some of these imaginary questions.

This is not, however, to be construed as a counsel of perfection or an expressioD of pessimism. A man who knows
people and who loves humanity and truth will find his heart
as sure a guide as his head in what, to those who have had
the expei:ience, not only brings a deep sense of enjoyment.
but does far more ·for the chairman's own education than he
can possibly do for the audience.

How long should the Question Period last?

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Under ideal conditions the audience will be allowed as
much time to question the speaker as is given to the address
itself. But the discussion should never be allowed to continue
beyond · a definite, specified time. It is as important for the
meeting to close on schedule time as it is for it to open at
the advertised hour.
Is speech-making allowed from the floor?

We have come to hear the appointed speaker of the evening and to draw from him his special knowledge and particular point of. view. If there is another side to the subject under discussion, worthy of presentation, find a suitable speaker to handle it and give it another evening. Do not allow
helter-skelter speech-making from the floor. It robs others of
their time for asking a question, it dissipates and sidetracks
the main t hought of the evening and it opens the door for
cranks and nuisances to monopolize the meeting?

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There are many young, small .neighborhood forums ~here
.iearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited to printing the program and paying the janitor, and'
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
mee~- these small bills. On the other hand, there are well
~tabli~hed community forums, exerting an influence for

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MILDRED C. SMITH, Executive Secretary

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a time limit on questions?

That depends upon whether there are others eagerly
awaiting their chance to be heard. At the Ford Hall Forum
in Boston and many others, the questions come so thick and
fast it is seldom possible even to give one chance to all
those who a1·c anxious to express themselves. Eut if a questioner is manifestly unsatisfied with the answer he got, or
gives evidence that his question was not rightly understood
by the sp1taker, the chairman will often go back to him and ·
give him another chance.

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Maybe the questions are few and far between.
that managed?

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Must the chairman
questioner?

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As soon as a chairman has gained the confidence and
g-ood will of a forum audience (and this can hardly be realized with constantly changing chairmen), the question period
almost regulates itself. The audience having become accustomed to the modus operandi will brook no _nfringement by
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an obstreperous seeker of the limelight and will often show
their impatience and objection before the chairman has
thou~ht it n ecessary to call the trnublesome one to 0 1·der. It
sometimes happens, however, that the chairman must stand
between a restless or ruthless audience and some innocent,
earnest questioner who by his peculiarities happens to excite the mirth or provoke the impatience of his hearers.
Every effort made by the chairman to secure even-handed
justice for the lowliest and most ill-favored questioner redounds to his benefit in the long run, and some night when he
finds himself in a particularly difficult and ticklish corner he
is helped out of his dilemma by the good will and responsiveness of his audience.

How is

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repeat the exact language

Very rarely; only when the question is so compact and
so carefully framed there is no other way. Often the chairman can rephrase it, making it briefer and more pointed.
Sometimes it is much too long for repetition and one can
give only the gist of it. If the situation is growing too tense,
the chairman may relieve it by raising a laugh ofttimes by a
mere inflection of the voice oi: turn of the head when he is
repeating a question.

In that case each questioner may be given _more time
and allowed a second or even a third question. The cµairman
himself will be ready with a worthwhile question and he will
throw out suggestions to stimulate the audience and try to
put them at their ease. In new forums it is often found advisable to pledge the committee and other interested persons
to be ready with a question.

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He must ask a question and not make a statement. It
must relate to the subject presented by the speaker. No discourtesy to the speaker, the chai~man, or the audience is
permitted,-no assault on any one's religion.

In a large forum audience. where there is an eager desire
for the questioning, the chairman will do well to take the audience section by · section, thus avoiding confusion and ·enabling him to deal more justly with those who are trying to get
his attention. (No one presents his question until the chairman has indicated it is his turn.) At Ford Hall I never start
with the same section of the audience two successive evenings, but wherever I start I proceed in regular rotation
around the hall and, having finished with one section, never
go back to it. And keeping my eye on the clock I allow only
so many questions in each section, so as to be sure to cover
all sections of the hall before the closing hour, ten o'clock

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What rules must a questioner observe?

Suppose several questioners arise in different parts of
the audier.ce at the same time. What then?

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In order that every one in the audience may hear it; so
that the chairman may clarify or emphasize it; to give the
speaker a moment in which to catch his intellectual breath
before answering; and finally, and most important of all, because it puts the control of the meeting in the hands of the
chairman where it belongs. Otherwise your speaker and
some questioner would soon fall into ' a personal discussion.
Debate back and forth between a speaker and one questioner
is never allowed.

May one ask a second question?

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Why is it necessary for the chairman to repeat the questions before the speaker answers them?

No, the good faith of the questioner and the good sense
of the chairman determine now long the question may be.
Long enough to make the point clear; not so long as to waste
the time of the audience. Under the guise of a question,
cleverly framed, one can easily present his own point of
view, challenge the speaker's, or express agreement and
· commendation.

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nearly everything is volunteered and the expenses are limited to printing the program and paying the janitor, and
the casual contributions taken at. the meetings suffice to
meet· these sm~11 bills. On the other hand, there are we11
~stabliihed community forums, · e~ert!ng · ~n influence for

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MILDRED C. SMITH, Executive Secretary

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a time limit on. quest

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No, the good faith of ·the que
· of the chairman determine how
Long enough to make the Point clf
the time of the audience. Unde
cleverly framed, one can easily
view, challenge the speaker's,
commendation.


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May one ask a second questio

That depends upon whether
awaiting their chance to be hearc
in Boston and many others, the q
fast it is seldom possible even t
those Who a;·c anxious to express
tioner is manifestly unsatisfied v
gives evidence that his q1,1estion
by the speaker, the chairman wil
give him another chance.

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2. A common .meeting ground

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In a large forum audience. wh
for the questioning, the chairman
dience section by section, thus a·
ling him to deal more justly With
his attention. (No one Presents
man has indicated it is his turn.)
with the same section of the a1
nings, but wherever I start I J
around the hall and, having finis
go back to it. And keeping my e
so many questions in each sectio
au sections of the hall before th
Maybe the questions are fe.,,

.that managed?

In that case each questtone
and allowed a second or eiren a t
himself Will be ready with a wor·
·throw out suggestions to StirnuJ,
put them at their ease. In. new
visable to pledge the co1:1inittee
to be ready with a que5 hon.

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The complete development of demo
in America.

Suppose sever-at questioners .

the audier.ce at the same time.

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The Open Forum sfands for:

people in the interest of truth
understanding, and for the cultivati
co.rn.rnunity spirit.

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The fullest and freest open public d"
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For free Participation from the foru.rn
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5. The freedom of foru.rn .management
responsibility for utterances by spe
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